A sketch of a transformed flow net in x-direction under a dam is shown in Figure, the soil has k =4x10-$ ft/sec and ky = 1 (a) Determine the flow rate under the dam, (b) Determine the porewater pressures at A and B, (c) Determine the natural length of the dam base (d) Determine the effective stress at point C (if e = 0.7 and Gs = 2.7) 1x10 ft/sec. use yw = 62.4 Ib/ft %3D %3D %3D 12 ft Concrete dam 4 ft Water 1.5 ft water 5 ft C Impervious clay

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.