A simple pin-connected truss is loaded and supported as shown. All members of the truss are aluminum pipes that have an outside diameter of 47 mm and a wall thickness of 7 mm. Determine the normal stress in each truss member. Assume P = 15 kN, Q = 26 kN, a = 1.1 m, b = 2.5 m, and c = 2 m. Use positive for tensile stress and negative for compressive stress. Answers: OAB = OAC = i i OBC= i B (3) b (2) MPa. MPa. MPa.

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.