A simple curve having a radius of 280 m connects two tangents intersecting at an angle of 50°. It is to be replaced by another curve having 80 m spirals at its ends such that the point of tangency shall be the same. a) Determine the radius of the new circular curve. b) Determine the distance that the curve will be nearer the vertex. c) Determine the central angle of the circular curve. d) Determine the deflection angle at the end of the spiral. e) Determine the offset from tangent at the end point of the spiral. ) Determine the distance along the tangent at the midpoint of the spiral.

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Instruments for Surveying

Surveying is the practice that determines the relative three-dimensional positions of many different points on the earth’s surface. There are various instruments used in Surveying like Theodolites, Total station, Tripod stands, Plane table, etc. for measuring horizontal angle, vertical and sloping angle, which are very useful for giving accurate and precise measurement.