A silty sand fill 4.5 meters thick and an estimated density of 20 kN/m³ is to be placed over 4.0 m of compressible silty clay. Underlying the clay layer is sandy gravel. The groundwater table is at the surface of the clay layer. Assume, that the compressibility of the fill and sandy gravel are negligible compared to the compressibility of the clay layer. The properties of the normally consolidated silty clay layer are the following: 1.) Initial void ratio e 1.255; 2.) Compression index C = 0.29; 3.) Re-Compression index C₁ = 0.035; 4.) Saturated density of the silty clay of 17.2 kN/m³; and 5.) Coefficient of consolidation C₁ = 0.79 m²/year; It is desired to perform the following tasks: = d.) What would be the vertical effective stress at the midpoint of the second sub-layer (that is, 3.0 meters below the top of the clay layer) after three years of consolidation (same assumptions as in c.); and e.) At one year and six months after placing the fill, the settlement observed in the field is 0.275 m, what would be the value of C that this field measurement would indicate?

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.