A shortcoming of using an elliptic curve E(Fp) for cryptography is the fact that it takes two coordinates to specify a point in E(Fp). However, as discussed briefly at the end of Sect. 6.4.2, the second coordinate actually conveys very little additional information. (b) Alice and Bob decide to use the prime p = 1123 and the elliptic curve E : Y2 = X3 + 54X + 87. Bob sends Alice the x-coordinate x = 278 and the bit β = 0. What point is Bob trying to convey to Alice? What about if instead Bob had sent β = 1?

Q: Suppose Alice has a public key generated from the primes 409 and 617 with exponent 29. She receives…

A: Decryption of a message: A message can be decrypted using the private key d. Formula: Message m = cd…

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A:

Q: n that the most common letter in the plaintext is “E”, find the key and hence obtain the plaintext.

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A: The Answer is in Below Steps

Q: igital Signature using the RSA algorithm: Alice is sending an integer value mA = 3 to Bob with RSA…

A: Step 1:- Given:- Alice is sending an integer value mA = 3 to Bob with RSA signing. Alice's public…

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A: Step 1  The solution is given in the below step

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Q: Alice uses a shift cipher with a shift of 4 to encrypt her message to Bob. If the ciphertext she…

A: a b c d e f g h i j 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 k l m n o p q r s t 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19…

Q: Cryptography problem ! In an RSA system, Eve has found out that n = 6887 and q(n) = 6720. Factorn.

A: The Answer is

Q: In the ElGamal cryptosystem, Alice and Bob use p = 17 and α = 3. Bob chooses his secret to be a =…

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A: The ciphertext is been decrypted below

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Q: Alice is to send a message to Bob using the RSA cryptosystem. Compute n (Bob's public key), a (Bob's…

A: Ggg  n=p * q    =5651 * 5557     =31402607  ϕ(n) =(p-1)*(q-1)            =(5651-1)*(5557-1)…

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A:

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A: Solution

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A: The above question is solved in step 2 :-

Q: Bob has sent his secret number m to Alice via secure RSA encryption. Break his ciphertext to find m.…

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