A sand deposit 10 m thick overlies an impervious layer. A vertical sheet pile penetrates half way into the sand deposit. The water level on one side of the wall is 3.0 m and on the other side is 0.5 m above the ground level. The sand stratum has a vertical permeability of 1.44 m/day, and the horizontal permeability equals 8 times the permeability in vertical direction. A flow net construction reveals that there are 12 flow channels and 26 potential drops. The seepage flow per day, per meter length of sheet pile

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.