A sample of n sludge specimens is selected and the pH of each one is determined. The one-sample t test will then be used to see if there is compelling evidence for concluding that true average pH is less than 7.0. What conclusion is appropriate in each of the following situations? USE SALT (a) n = 8, t= -2.3, α = 0.05 O Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. (b) n = 16, t = -3.9, a = 0.01 O Reject the null hypothesis. There sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. (c) n = 11, t= -1.2, a = 0.05 O Reject the null hypothesis. There sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. (d) n = 7, t = 0.7, a = 0.05 O Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence that the true average pH is less than 7.0. (e) n = 5, x = 6.78, = 0.0820 √n O We would reject the null hypothesis for any significance level at or above 0.028. O We would reject the null hypothesis for any significance level at or below 0.028. O We would fail to reject the null hypothesis for any significance level at or below 0.972. O We would fail to reject the null hypothesis for any significance level at or above 0.972. You may need to use the appropriate table in the Appendix of Tables to answer this question.