A sample material with circular cross-section tapers uniformly. Over a gauge length of 200mm, it tapers from 20mm to 16mm diameter. The extension measured on this gauge length is 0.6mm when an axial load of 40kN is applied. Find the modulus of elasticity of the material in GPa (two decimal points)

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Introduction to Engineering Design

Students are often confused with engineering and design. The term engineering design has two words with different meanings, engineering, and design. The term engineering implies applications of laws and principles of science to design and analyze physical structures and components. In civil engineering, students apply the concept of physics and chemistry to design and build structures and buildings. In engineering disciplines, the term design means determining the dimensions, loads, and associated influences on the component due to the applied loads such as stresses and deformations. The estimation of such parameters is crucial to make the component or structure foolproof.