A router output port is being dimensioned to support a mean packet arrival load of 100 packets per second where the mean packet length is 500 bytes. Determine the minimum output link capacity such only 10% of packets experience a delay greater than 15 ms.

Assume the VC number of a virtual-circuit network is a 16-bit field. What is the maximum number of virtual circuits that can be carried over a link? If the path and the VC number for each VC are determined by a central node of the network and the same VC number is used for all links along the path of same VC, how does the central node determine the VC number at the setup time?

Consider a TCP connection with the following parameters: a) Initial ssthreshold = 4 segmentsb) Round Trip Time (RTT) = 10 millisecondsc) Timeout period = 40 millisecondsd) Segment size = 3900 bytesThe TCP connection was used to transfer 17 data segments. While sendingthe segments, data segment 7 and data segment 15 were lost the first timethey were sent (but arrived at the receiver properly when retransmitted).There were no other segment losses apart from the aforementioned. Assumethat data segments received out-of-order are buffered at the receiver. Whatis the average throughput obtained in sending all the data segments (inbytes/sec) including draw a diagram to show the communication process in detail.

A TCP connection is established through 10 wireless hops in an acoustic underwater ad hoc network. Assume that each hop is 100 meter in the average, acoustic signals travel 1500 meter per second, 10 kilobit data can be sent per second over a link, the source node has one megabyte of data to send, the receiver window size is 64 kilobytes, the maximum segment size is 1 kilobyte and the average processing delay for routing at each node is one millisecond. Assume also that the following segments do not reach the destination: 67, 112, 137. What would be the average utilization of the links for this connection if there is not another communications through them? Explain an alternative approach to increase the bandwidth utilization?

Networking & Data Communcations

COMPUTER NETWORKS QUESTION : In TCP, hosts need to set the retransmission timeout (RTO) dynamically to adapt for the routing performance and optimize the bandwidth utilization. Assume that one sending hosts found from previous packet/acknowledgement pairs that the RTT between it and the receiver is 45 mS. What will be the RTO of that sending host after receiving a new packet/Ack pair witha new RTT sample = 100 mS. (assume that ?=0.875)