▪ A roadway is determined to have 400 18-kip single axles, 200 24-kip single axles, and 100 40- kip tandem axles per day. The subgrade CBR is 10 and the roadway pavement is designed for an overall standard deviation of 0.45, a reliability 99.9% and the initial PSI is 4.5 and the TSI is 2.5. One newly constructed section of this roadway is a rigid pavement designed with a 10- inch slab with a modulus of rupture of 900lb/in², and a modulus of elasticity of 4.5x10 lb/ in², and a joint transfer coefficient of 3.2. Another newly constructed section of the same roadway is a flexible pavement with a 4-in sand-mix asphaltic concrete surface, 9-in dense- graded crushed stone base and a 9-in crushed-stone subbase. If the roadway has three lanes in each direction and is conservatively designed, which of the pavement sections will last longer and by how many years if all drainage coefficients are 1.0?

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Unit Conversion

Standard units are also called SI units. SI units are used for measuring a physical quantity satisfying certain conditions. There are two types of units: fundamental units and derived units. Fundamental units are physical quantities that are independent, that is, they do not depend on other quantities like mass, length, or time. There are plenty of quantities in our lives which need to be measured and compared. Measuring is the comparison of a particular physical quantity with its reference value. A unit is a measure of a fixed physical quantity. A physical quantity is the product of a unit and the numerical value we need to compare with.