A researcher wanted to determine which method would help smokers quit smoking. He divided a group of 183 smokers into three groups: Group 1 is given a patch, Group 2 is given oral medication, and Group 3 has no intervention. The results of the study are in the below table. Test the researcher's claim using a significance level of a 0.05. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Did Not Quit 52 54 51 Quit 13 9. 4 *Source: Harris Poll a. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses. O Ho: The methods for helping people quit smoking are independent. Ha: The methods for helping people quit smoking are dependent. O Ho: The methods for helping people quit smoking are the same. H: The methods for helping people quit smoking follow a different distribution. b. Determine the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places. x² = c. Determine the p-value. Round your answer to four decimal places. p-value = d. Make a decision. Reject the null hypothesis. O Fail to reject the null hypothesis. e. Make a conclusion. O There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the methods for helping people quit smoking are different. O There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the methods for helping people quit smoking are different.
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
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