A researcher at a medical college conducted a study of 60 randomly selected male soccer players and concluded that frequently "heading" the ball in soccer lowers players' IQs. The soccer players were divided into two groups, based on whether they averaged 10 or more headers per game. Mean IQs were reported in the article, but the sample sizes and standard deviations were not given. Suppose that these values were as given in the accompanying table. Sample Mean Sample sd Fewer Than 10 Headers 33 116 9 10 or More Headers 27 107 7 A USE SALT (a) Does the sample data support the conclusion that the mean IQ of soccer players who frequently head the ball is lower than that of those who do not frequently head the ball? Test the relevant hypotheses using a = 0.05. (Use Hfewer than 10 headers - H10 headers) Find the test statistic. (Round your answer to one decimal place.) Find the df. (Round your answer down to the nearest whole number.) df = Find the P-value. (Use technology to calculate the P-value. Round your answer to three decimal places.) P-value = State your conclusion. O Fail to reject Hg. We do not have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game. O Reject Ho. We do not have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game. O Reject H. We have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game. O Fail to reject Ho. We have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game. (b) Can you conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ? O Yes, since this was an experiment we can conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. O No, since this was an experiment we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. O No, since this was an observational study we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. O Yes, since this was an observational study we can conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. O No. since the samnle evidence does not sunnort that conclusion we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower TO

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A researcher at a medical college conducted a study of 60 randomly selected male soccer players and concluded that frequently "heading" the ball in soccer lowers players' IQs. The soccer players were divided into two groups, based on whether they averaged 10 or more
headers per game.
Mean IQs were reported in the article, but the sample sizes and standard deviations were not given. Suppose that these values were as given in the accompanying table.
Sample
Sample
in
Мean
sd
Fewer Than 10 Headers
33
116
9
10 or More Headers
27
107
7
n USE SALT
(a) Does the sample data support the conclusion that the mean IQ of soccer players who frequently head the ball is lower than that of those who do not frequently head the ball? Test the relevant hypotheses using a = 0.05. (Use Mfewer than 10 headers - H10 headers:)
Find the test statistic. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
t =
Find the df. (Round your answer down to the nearest whole number.)
df =
Find the P-value. (Use technology to calculate the P-value. Round your answer to three decimal places.)
P-value =
State your conclusion.
O Fail to reject H,. We do not have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average
or more headers per game.
O Reject Ho. We do not have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game.
O Reject Ho. We have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game.
O Fail to reject Ho. We have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game.
(b) Can you conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ?
Yes, since this was an experiment we can conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ.
O No, since this was an experiment we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ.
No, since this was an observational study we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ.
O Yes, since this was an observational study we can conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ.
O No, since the sample evidence does not support that conclusion we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ.
Transcribed Image Text:A researcher at a medical college conducted a study of 60 randomly selected male soccer players and concluded that frequently "heading" the ball in soccer lowers players' IQs. The soccer players were divided into two groups, based on whether they averaged 10 or more headers per game. Mean IQs were reported in the article, but the sample sizes and standard deviations were not given. Suppose that these values were as given in the accompanying table. Sample Sample in Мean sd Fewer Than 10 Headers 33 116 9 10 or More Headers 27 107 7 n USE SALT (a) Does the sample data support the conclusion that the mean IQ of soccer players who frequently head the ball is lower than that of those who do not frequently head the ball? Test the relevant hypotheses using a = 0.05. (Use Mfewer than 10 headers - H10 headers:) Find the test statistic. (Round your answer to one decimal place.) t = Find the df. (Round your answer down to the nearest whole number.) df = Find the P-value. (Use technology to calculate the P-value. Round your answer to three decimal places.) P-value = State your conclusion. O Fail to reject H,. We do not have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average or more headers per game. O Reject Ho. We do not have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game. O Reject Ho. We have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game. O Fail to reject Ho. We have convincing evidence that the mean IQ for those who average fewer than 10 headers per game is greater than the mean IQ for those who average 10 or more headers per game. (b) Can you conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ? Yes, since this was an experiment we can conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. O No, since this was an experiment we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. No, since this was an observational study we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. O Yes, since this was an observational study we can conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ. O No, since the sample evidence does not support that conclusion we cannot conclude that heading the ball causes lower IQ.
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