A reducing elbow in a horizontal pipe is used to deflect water flow by an angle 0=45° from the flow direction while accelerating it. The elbow discharge water into the atmosphere. The mass flow rate is 16 kg/s. The cross-sectional area of the elbow is 80 cm? at the inlet and 20 cm2 at the exit. The elevation difference between the centers of the exit and inlet is 40 cm. The mass of the elbow and the water in it is 150 kg. Determine the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place. Take the momentum-flux correction factor to be 1.03 at both the inlet and outlet. 20 cm? 45° 80 cm? 40 cm water 16 kg/s

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Engineering Drawing

Technical drawing has been around since ancient times. As in the ancient Renaissance, complicated drawings were created, including Leonardo da Vinci's drawing. Modern engineering drawing, including its specific orthographic projection with scale conventions, began in Europe (France) during the early stages of Industrialization. L.T. C. Rolt also made some of Marc's drawings for its block-making machinery (in 1799) that also may have contributed significantly to British engineering technology. Since he learned the art of presenting three-dimensional(3D) items in a two-dimensional(2D) plane, as we now term mechanical drawing.