A red blood cell's intracellular salt concentration is around 150 mM. The cell is placed in a 500 mM sodium chloride beaker. (a) Explain how osmosis will affect the cell if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions. (b) If the membrane were permeable to ions, which direction would solutes diffuse in: into or out of the cell?

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.