A reciprocal levelling is observed across a wide river and the reciprocal level readings were taken between points A and B as follows. With instrument set up near A, the rod readings on A are 2.283 and 2.285 m. The reciprocal level reading on the opposite side of the river at point B are 3.618, 3.619, 3.621 and 3.622 m. With the instrument set up near B, the rod readings on B are 4.478 and 4.476 m and the rod readings on the opposite side of the river at point A are 3.143, 3.140, 3.146 and 3.144 m. a. Compute the difference in elevation between A and B with the instrument set up near A. b. What is the true difference in elevation between A and B? c. If the elevation of A is 300 m, what is the elevation of B?

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Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.