A piston-cylinder system contains R-134a as shown in the figure. Two linear springs with the same spring constant but different lengths are installed above the frictionless piston. Initially (state 1) the piston is motionless and floating so that the top of the piston is 2 cm from the bottom of Spring I and 5 cm from the bottom of Spring 2. In this initial state the R-134a has a temperature of T, = -20°C and a quality of 70%. Heat is added to the system causing the piston to rise until it just touches Spring 1, but Spring 1 exerts no force on the piston. In this state (state 2), the R-134a has a volume V2 = 30 L. Heating continues until the temperature reaches T3 = 50 °C and Spring 1 is compressed until the piston just touches Spring 2 but Spring 2 exerts no force on the niston (State

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A: For the solution refer below images.

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Q: 1. One kg of air is heated and compressed in a piston/cylinder system from 400 K, 100 kPa to 1200 K,…

A: For the solution refer below images.

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Atomic diffusion in solids

In material science, diffusion can take place in solid, liquid, and gases. In solids, atomic diffusion can take place with the help of thermally activated and randomly vibrating atoms. The atomic diffusion in solids is complex and very slow in comparison to atomic diffusion in liquids and gases because the interatomic distance between the atoms is smaller in solids as compared to liquids and gases.