A patient receives 320 mL of a 19% (w/v) aqueous glucose solution.  (a) How many grams of glucose does the patient receive?  (b) How many moles of glucose (molar mass 180.2 g/mol) does the patient receive?

How many grams of lactose must be added to 655 g of water in order to prepare each of the following percent-by-mass concentrations of aqueous lactose solution? a. 0.50% b. 2.00% c. 10.0% d. 25.0%

6-103 A swimming pool containing 20,000. L of water is chlorinated to have a final CI2 concentration of 0.00500 M. What is the CI2 concentration in ppm? How many kilograms of CI2 were added to the swimming pool to reach this concentration?

6-96 We know that a 0.89% saline (NaCI) solution is isotonic with blood. In a real-life emergency, you run out of physiological saline solution and have only KCI as a salt and distilled water. Would it be acceptable to make a 0.89% aqueous KCI solution and use it for intravenous infusion? Explain.

Will red blood cells swell, remain the same size, or shrink when placed in each of the solutions in Problem 8-101? Classify each of the following solutions as hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic relative to red blood cells? a. 0.92%(m/v) glucose solution b. 0.92%(m/v) NaCl solution c. 2.3%(m/v) glucose solution d. 5.0%(m/v) NaCl solution

A pharmacist prepares an isotonic saline solution for intravenous infusion. Instead of preparing a 0.15 M solution, a 1.5 M solution is prepared. What would happen to the red blood cells if this erroneously prepared solution is infused?

6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.

6-21 Are mixtures of gases true solutions or heterogeneous mixtures? Explain.

6-91 When a cucumber is put into a saline solution to pickle it, the cucumber shrinks; when a prune is put into the same solution, the prune swells. Explain what happens in each case.

Insulin is a hormone responsible for the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. An aqueous solution of insulin has an osmotic pressure of 2.5 mm Hg at 25C. It is prepared by dissolving 0.100 g of insulin in enough water to make 125 mL of solution. What is the molar mass of insulin?