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**Problem 4**

A particular atom has two energy levels with a transition wavelength of 420 nm. At 297 K, there are \(2.5 \times 10^{21}\) atoms in the lower state.

(a) How many atoms are in the upper state?

(b) Suppose that \(1.8 \times 10^{21}\) of the atoms in the lower state are pumped to the upper state. How much energy could this system release in a single laser pulse?

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