A new class of drug has been developed for patients with hyperglycemia type 2 diabetes; it works by acting as an agonist for the GLP-1 receptor, which reduces blood glucose levels. How does this new drug reduce the concentration of blood glucose? OA. Decreasing renal reabsorption of glucose O B. Long-loop negative feedback of ACTH OC. Increasing insulin release O D. Decreasing glucagon release O E. Inhibiting cortisol synthesis
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- The dexamethasone test involves the administration of a synthetic glucocorticoid. Knowing about negative feedback mechanisms, how do you think this test helps determine the function of the pituitary? Since you couldn't answer one of my questions heres the last one. Describe how steroid hormones, for example cortisol, are metabolized in the body. What are the benefits of using a 24-hour urine test to measure this hormone?For both T1DM and T2DM, describe the following: Causes Symptoms Treatments Glucose levels Insulin levels Insulin receptor sensitivity Also please discuss the cause/effect relationship between acute and chronic stress (chronic disease or homelessness, for instance) and T1DM and T2DM. What is the mechanism by which the nervous system impacts stress hormones? Are there neurotransmitters involved? Which neurotransmitters? Which stress hormones?s in th and the development of a tumor. Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones? A. Activation of adenylate cyclase B. Activation of protein kinases C. Plasma membrane receptors D. Stimulation of cellular protein synthesis E. Termination of effects by phosphodiesterase V adenylate cyclase 본 Edit D t 20% 2 C
- Which information is correct regarding hormones and nutrient metabolism? Give specific rational A.Catecholamines increase glycogenolysis. B.Thyroid hormone lowers blood sugar levels. C.Growth hormone suppresses gluconeogenesis. D.Insulin increases blood glucose levels.Which is NOT true of steroid hormones? O They can not diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a membrane. They include hormones like testosterone and estrogen. O They bind to receptor proteins inside target cells. When they bind with receptors, specific genes are activated resulting in cell char ↑ The mineralocorticoid called aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex and it stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions in the nephrons renal cortex and it increases blood pressure adrenal medulla and it increases blood glucose levels renal medulla and it stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions in the nephrons C 31 6 OWhich of the following medications does not have hyperglycemic effects (does not decrease insulin action)?A. CalcitoninB. Morphine sulfateC. NicotineD. BetadinE. Thyroid hormones
- mo Fill in this table for cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, estradiol, parathyroid gland hormone, calcitonin, calcitriol, thyroxine. Columns 6,7,8 fill in accordingly Type of Receptor/ location in a cell Hormone Factors to control /class according chemical nature/ secretion place 1 secretion? Fstimulation Fsuppression (- ) 2 3 G-Protein? Secondary Target tissue? Controlled messengers? pathway (P)? P(+)- stimulated: P(-)- suppressed: 5 6 7 Biochemical Index in the blood plas-ma that is changed after secre- tion of the hormoneCortisol's permissive effects on epinephrine and norepinephrine.... a. are primarily acting to maintain blood pressure homeostasis b. are primarily acting to upregulate adrenergic receptors c. are primarily acting to increase heart rate d. cortisol does not act permissively on norepinephrine and epinephrine e. are primarily acting to maintain blood glucose concentrationsWhat is an effect of alcohol consumption in relation to hormones? O the osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule increased blood pressure increased aldosterone production inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- All of the following increase insulin secretion/production EXCEPT: Select one or more: a. Increased intracellular Ca²+ levels O b. Acetylcholine O C. Ghrelin O d. High carbohydrate meal e. Incretins O f. SometostatinPlease provide only one answerA patient has a low fT4 level and low TSH level. However, after a TRH Stimulation test their TSH levels increased. How would this patient's thyroid condition be categorized? O primary hypothyroid O secondary hypothyroid tertiary hypothyroid O idiopathic hypothyroid