A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) 1 atm pressure piston cylinc The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 163. kJ of heat flows into the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 300. kJ of work on the system during the reaction. gases Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? O exothermic O endothermic O up Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? X. down neither O in Does the piston move in or out? O out O neither O absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? O release O neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Round your answer to 3 significant digits. OO OOOO0 0 O
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![**Transcription for Educational Purposes**
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A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.)
**Description of Diagram:**
The diagram illustrates a setup with a cylinder containing gases. The cylinder is submerged in a water bath, and a piston maintains a constant pressure of 1 atm on the gases inside. A thermometer is visible, indicating the temperature of the water bath.
**Experiment Data:**
The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 163 kJ of heat flows into the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 300 kJ of work on the system during the reaction.
**Questions:**
1. **Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?**
- [ ] exothermic
- [✔] endothermic
2. **Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down?**
- [ ] up
- [✔] down
- [ ] neither
3. **Does the piston move in or out?**
- [ ] in
- [✔] out
- [ ] neither
4. **Does the reaction absorb or release energy?**
- [✔] absorb
- [ ] release
- [ ] neither
5. **How much energy does the reaction absorb or release?** Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
Answer: _______ kJ
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This transcription highlights the experimental procedure, observations, and related questions for understanding the thermodynamic behavior of the reaction occurring within the setup.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd6ca7e20-34ce-40d7-9adc-3e943adafdc0%2Fbe799a3c-135b-4e3e-ad51-2db49672e32d%2F6hbl88j_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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