À lot of 100 semiconductor chips contains 20 that are defective. Two chips are selected at random, without replacement, from the lot. (a) What is the probability that the first one selected is defective? (b} What is the probability that the second one selected is defective given that the first one was defective? (c) What is the probability that both are defective?

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Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis
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PROBLEMS1.pdf >
(a) Find the probability that the committee con sists of 2 men and 3 women.
(b) Find the probability that the committee consists of all women.
Q13
A lot of 100 semiconductor chips contains 20 that are defective. Two chips are selected at
random, without replacement, from the lot.
(a) What is the probability that the first one selected is defective?
(b) What is the probability that the second one selected is defective given that the first one was
defective?
(c) What is the probability that both are defective?
Q14:-
Two cards are drawn at random from a deck. Find the probability that both are aces.?
Q15
Consider the binary communication channel shown in Fig.
may assume the state 0 or the state 1, and, similarly, the channel output symhol Y may assume
either the state 0 or the state 1. Because of the channel noise, an input 0 may convert to an
output I and vice versa. The channel is characterized by 1the channel transition probabilities p, ,
90. P., and q,, defined by
The channel input symbol X
Po = P(y, |Xp)
40 = P(yo|x
and
and
4; = Ply, [x1)
where x, and x, denote the events (X = 0) and (X = 1), respectively, and yo and y, denote the
events (Y = 0) and (Y = 1), respectively. Note that p, + 90 = 1 = p, + q1. Let P(xq) = 0.5, Po =
0.1, and p, = 0.2.
(a) Find P(yo) and P(y,).
(b) If a 0 was observed at the output, what is the probability that a 0 was the input state?
(c) If a 1 was obscrved at the output, what is the probability that a 1 was the input state?
(d) Calculate the probability of error P,.
X
Q16
In the experiment of throwing two fair dice, let A be the event that the first die is odd, B be the
event that the second die is odd, and C be the event that the sum is odd. Show that events A, B,
and C are pairwise independent, but A, B, and C are not independent.
II
Transcribed Image Text:M P V:·9 PROBLEMS1.pdf > (a) Find the probability that the committee con sists of 2 men and 3 women. (b) Find the probability that the committee consists of all women. Q13 A lot of 100 semiconductor chips contains 20 that are defective. Two chips are selected at random, without replacement, from the lot. (a) What is the probability that the first one selected is defective? (b) What is the probability that the second one selected is defective given that the first one was defective? (c) What is the probability that both are defective? Q14:- Two cards are drawn at random from a deck. Find the probability that both are aces.? Q15 Consider the binary communication channel shown in Fig. may assume the state 0 or the state 1, and, similarly, the channel output symhol Y may assume either the state 0 or the state 1. Because of the channel noise, an input 0 may convert to an output I and vice versa. The channel is characterized by 1the channel transition probabilities p, , 90. P., and q,, defined by The channel input symbol X Po = P(y, |Xp) 40 = P(yo|x and and 4; = Ply, [x1) where x, and x, denote the events (X = 0) and (X = 1), respectively, and yo and y, denote the events (Y = 0) and (Y = 1), respectively. Note that p, + 90 = 1 = p, + q1. Let P(xq) = 0.5, Po = 0.1, and p, = 0.2. (a) Find P(yo) and P(y,). (b) If a 0 was observed at the output, what is the probability that a 0 was the input state? (c) If a 1 was obscrved at the output, what is the probability that a 1 was the input state? (d) Calculate the probability of error P,. X Q16 In the experiment of throwing two fair dice, let A be the event that the first die is odd, B be the event that the second die is odd, and C be the event that the sum is odd. Show that events A, B, and C are pairwise independent, but A, B, and C are not independent. II
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