Please help thermodynamics questions ### Problem Solving Instructions:- **Use the problem solving methodology.**- **Ensure that all energy and work equations include complete energy diagrams and that they agree.**- **Show all unit cancellations.**- **Submit only one problem per page.**### Problem Statement:1) A long, small diameter tube is shown below. The top end of the tube is closed, while the bottom end is open and immersed in a pool of liquid mercury. The mercury pool's free surface is subjected to atmospheric pressure, \( P_{\text{atm}} = 1 \) atm. The tube contains a column of oil and a column of water. A gas volume is trapped at the top of the tube. - The distance from the mercury free surface to the oil-water interface is \( L_1 = 20 \) in. - The distance from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface is \( L_2 = 10 \) in. - The densities of water \( \rho_w \), oil \( \rho_o \), and mercury \( \rho_{Hg} \) are 62.3 lbm/ft\(^3\), 57 lbm/ft\(^3\), and 847 lbm/ft\(^3\), respectively. Determine the gas pressure in the following units: a) Absolute pressure [psia] and [kPa (abs)] b) Vacuum pressure [psi (vac)] c) Gage pressure [psig]### Diagram Details:The diagram shows a vertical tube with three sections labeled from bottom to top:- At the bottom, there is mercury. - Above that, there is oil, extending up to 20 inches from the mercury's free surface.- The oil is followed by a 10-inch water column.- The top section contains trapped gas. The mercury is exposed to atmospheric pressure \( P_{\text{atm}} \). The distances \( L_1 \) and \( L_2 \) are indicated in the diagram, corresponding to oil and water column lengths respectively. **Instructions:**- Must use the problem-solving methodology.- All energy and work equations must have complete energy diagrams and they must agree.- Show all unit cancellations.- Please do not put more than one problem on a page.---**Problem Statement:**1) A long, small diameter tube is shown below. The top end of the tube is closed. The bottom end is open and immersed in a pool of liquid mercury. The free surface of the mercury pool is exposed to atmospheric pressure, \( P_{\text{atm}} = 1 \) atm. The tube is filled with a column of oil and a column of water. A volume of gas is trapped at the top of the tube. The distance from the mercury free surface to the oil-water interface is \( L_1 = 20 \) in. The distance from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface is \( L_2 = 10 \) in. The densities of water \( \rho_w \), oil \( \rho_o \), and mercury \( \rho_{\text{Hg}} \) are 62.3 lbm/ft\(^3\), 57 lbm/ft\(^3\), and 847 lbm/ft\(^3\), respectively. Determine the gas pressure in the units given below:a) Absolute pressure [psia] and [kPa (abs)]b) Vacuum pressure [psi (vac)]c) Gauge pressure [psig]---**Diagram Explanation:**The diagram at the bottom right of the text describes the setup:- A tube is placed vertically with the closed end at the top and the open end submerged in a mercury pool.- Inside the tube, a column of oil (marked as "oil") separates the column of water (marked as "water") and the mercury pool (labeled as "mercury").- At the top of the tube, there is a trapped gas volume indicated by "gas".- The distance \( L_1 = 20 \) in represents the length of the column from the mercury surface to the oil-water interface.- The distance \( L_2 = 10 \) in represents the length from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface.The diagram also marks the atmospheric pressure \( P_{\text{atm}} \) acting on the mercury free surface.

The data given is Atmospheric pressure, Patm= 1 atm = 101325 N/m2 = 14.7 psi L1 = 20 in. = 0.508 L2…

) A long, small diameter tube is shown below. The top end of the tube is closed. The bottom end is open and immersed in a pool of liquid mercury. The free surface of the mercury pool is exposed to atmospheric pressure, Patm =1 atm. The tube is filled with a column of oil and a column of water. A volume of gas is trapped at the top of the tube. The distance from the mercury free surface to the oil-water interface is LI = 20 in. The distance from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface is L2= 10 in. The density of water pu, oil po, PHg are 62.3 lbm /ft', 57 lbm ft', and 847 lbm/ft', respectively. Determine the gas pressure in the units given below: and mercury a) absolute b) vacuum pressure [psi (vac)], and c) gage pressure [psig]. pressure [psia] and [kPa (abs)]

) A long, small diameter tube is shown below. The top end of the tube is closed. The bottom end is open and immersed in a pool of liquid mercury. The free surface of the mercury pool is exposed to atmospheric pressure, Patm =1 atm. The tube is filled with a column of oil and a column of water. A volume of gas is trapped at the top of the tube. The distance from the mercury free surface to the oil-water interface is LI = 20 in. The distance from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface is L2= 10 in. The density of water pu, oil po, PHg are 62.3 lbm /ft', 57 lbm ft', and 847 lbm/ft', respectively. Determine the gas pressure in the units given below: and mercury a) absolute b) vacuum pressure [psi (vac)], and c) gage pressure [psig]. pressure [psia] and [kPa (abs)]

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Concept explainers

Properties of Pure Substances

A substance with fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance like water, air, and nitrogen. A pure substance does not have to be a single element or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure substance is also a pure substance as long as the chemical composition is the same for all phases. These substances mainly have a constant/ uniform composition. The substances also have fixed boiling and melting points. A pure substance takes part in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.

Question

Please help thermodynamics questions

### Problem Solving Instructions:

- **Use the problem solving methodology.**
- **Ensure that all energy and work equations include complete energy diagrams and that they agree.**
- **Show all unit cancellations.**
- **Submit only one problem per page.**

### Problem Statement:

1) A long, small diameter tube is shown below. The top end of the tube is closed, while the bottom end is open and immersed in a pool of liquid mercury. The mercury pool's free surface is subjected to atmospheric pressure, \( P_{\text{atm}} = 1 \) atm. The tube contains a column of oil and a column of water. A gas volume is trapped at the top of the tube.

- The distance from the mercury free surface to the oil-water interface is \( L_1 = 20 \) in.
- The distance from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface is \( L_2 = 10 \) in.
- The densities of water \( \rho_w \), oil \( \rho_o \), and mercury \( \rho_{Hg} \) are 62.3 lbm/ft\(^3\), 57 lbm/ft\(^3\), and 847 lbm/ft\(^3\), respectively.

Determine the gas pressure in the following units:

a) Absolute pressure [psia] and [kPa (abs)]

b) Vacuum pressure [psi (vac)]

c) Gage pressure [psig]

### Diagram Details:

The diagram shows a vertical tube with three sections labeled from bottom to top:

- At the bottom, there is mercury.
- Above that, there is oil, extending up to 20 inches from the mercury's free surface.
- The oil is followed by a 10-inch water column.
- The top section contains trapped gas.

The mercury is exposed to atmospheric pressure \( P_{\text{atm}} \). The distances \( L_1 \) and \( L_2 \) are indicated in the diagram, corresponding to oil and water column lengths respectively.

**Instructions:**

- Must use the problem-solving methodology.
- All energy and work equations must have complete energy diagrams and they must agree.
- Show all unit cancellations.
- Please do not put more than one problem on a page.

---

**Problem Statement:**

1) A long, small diameter tube is shown below. The top end of the tube is closed. The bottom end is open and immersed in a pool of liquid mercury. The free surface of the mercury pool is exposed to atmospheric pressure, \( P_{\text{atm}} = 1 \) atm. The tube is filled with a column of oil and a column of water. A volume of gas is trapped at the top of the tube. The distance from the mercury free surface to the oil-water interface is \( L_1 = 20 \) in. The distance from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface is \( L_2 = 10 \) in. The densities of water \( \rho_w \), oil \( \rho_o \), and mercury \( \rho_{\text{Hg}} \) are 62.3 lbm/ft\(^3\), 57 lbm/ft\(^3\), and 847 lbm/ft\(^3\), respectively. Determine the gas pressure in the units given below:

a) Absolute pressure [psia] and [kPa (abs)]

b) Vacuum pressure [psi (vac)]

c) Gauge pressure [psig]

---

**Diagram Explanation:**

The diagram at the bottom right of the text describes the setup:

- A tube is placed vertically with the closed end at the top and the open end submerged in a mercury pool.
- Inside the tube, a column of oil (marked as "oil") separates the column of water (marked as "water") and the mercury pool (labeled as "mercury").
- At the top of the tube, there is a trapped gas volume indicated by "gas".
- The distance \( L_1 = 20 \) in represents the length of the column from the mercury surface to the oil-water interface.
- The distance \( L_2 = 10 \) in represents the length from the oil-water interface to the water-gas interface.

The diagram also marks the atmospheric pressure \( P_{\text{atm}} \) acting on the mercury free surface.

Science that deals with the amount of energy transferred from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.

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