a) List four possible methods for shallow ground improvement.b)Use the plot below (after D'Appolonia et al., 1969), to explain how a proper lift thickness can beselected.Relative density (%)Relative density (%)506070809060708090Additional improvementrequiredMinimum allowablerelative density=75%Density-depthrelationship for largelift height using 5roller passesDepth (m)00,30.60.91.21.51.850Depth (m)00.30.60.91.21.51.80.46 m(b)

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a) List four possible methods for shallow ground improvement. b) Use the hel 66 DU

Structural Analysis

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ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

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Chapter2: Loads On Structures

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Concept explainers

Open Channel Flow

Open channel flow is a branch of fluid mechanics. It deals with the flow of fluid in an open conduit or free surface. In an open channel flow, gravity induces the flow of water whose surface is open to the air. This flow is free-falling rather than confined in rigid body conduits. The open channel flow depends upon two parameters that are the cross-section of the conduit and the velocity profile. Practical examples of open channel flow are streams, rivers, canals, and other drainage systems.In open channel flow, the cross-sectional area of at least one of the sides is exposed to air, and the surface of water faces atmospheric pressure. This flow is also known as free gravity flow. The cross-sectional area of the conduit can be either man-made or a natural channel. For instance, the flow in rivers and streams are natural conduits, and the flow in a canal and sanitary systems are man-made or engineered channels.

Question

a) List four possible methods for shallow ground improvement.
b)
Use the plot below (after D'Appolonia et al., 1969), to explain how a proper lift thickness can be
selected.
Relative density (%)
Relative density (%)
50
60
70
80
90
60
70
80
90
Additional improvement
required
Minimum allowable
relative density=75%
Density-depth
relationship for large
lift height using 5
roller passes
Depth (m)
0
0,3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
50
Depth (m)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
0.46 m
(b)

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