A Kaplan turbine develops 1500 kW under a head of 6 m. The turbine is set 2.7 m above the tailrace while the draft tube is immersed 0.5 m under the tailrace. A vacuum gauge, inserted at the turbine outlet, records a suction head of 3.1 m. If the efficiency of turbine is 85 %, what will be the efficiency of draft tube that has inlet diameter of 3 m? Assume losses in the draft tube is 0.2 m. Take draft tube efficiency as 一 2g 2g 2g

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.