Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reaction Pathways of an Epoxide
This diagram displays various reaction pathways of a cyclohexene oxide, illustrating the different products that can result from various reagents and reaction conditions.
#### Pathway A:
- **Reagents:** KMnO₄, OH⁻, heat
- **Product:** The double bond is oxidized, leading to cleavage of the double bond and formation of diol.
#### Pathway B:
- **Reagents:** Br₂
- **Product:** The double bond reacts with bromine to form a dibromo compound.
#### Pathway C:
- **Reagents:** HBr, H₂O₂
- **Product:** The double bond undergoes anti-Markovnikov addition in the presence of HBr and H₂O₂, resulting in the addition of HBr across the double bond.
#### Pathway D:
- **Reagents:** 1) Hg(OAc)₂, CH₃OH; 2) NaBH₄
- **Product:** This is an oxymercuration-demercuration reaction that adds an -OCH₃ group and an H across the double bond.
#### Pathway E:
- **Reagents:** m-CPBA
- **Product:** The double bond reacts with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to form an epoxide.
#### Pathway F:
- **Reagents:** OsO₄
- **Product:** The double bond reacts with osmium tetroxide to form a cis-diol.
#### Pathway G:
- **Reagents:** CH₂I₂, Zn
- **Product:** The double bond reacts to form a cyclopropane ring.
#### Pathway H:
- **Reagents:** O₃, Zn
- **Product:** The double bond is cleaved by ozonolysis to form aldehyde or ketone fragments.
#### Pathway I:
- **Reagents:** 1) BH₃; 2) H₂O₂, OH⁻
- **Product:** The double bond is converted into an alcohol with anti-Markovnikov orientation through hydroboration-oxidation.
#### Pathway J:
- **Reagent:** Br₂, H₂O
- **Product:** Bromohydrin is formed when the double bond reacts with bromine in an aqueous solution.
Each of these pathways demonstrates a distinct type of chemical reaction, showcasing the versatility of organic synthesis methods
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