a) In the dining philosophers problem, let the following protocol be used: An even-numbered philosopher always picks up his left fork before picking up his right fork; an odd-numbered philosopher always picks up his right fork before picking up his left fork. Will this protocol guarantee deadlock-free operation? Why or why not? b) The readers and writers problem can be formulated in several ways with regard to which category of processes can be started when. Carefully describe three different variations of the problem, each one favoring (or not favoring) some category of processes. For each variation, specify what happens when a reader or a writer becomes ready to access the database, and what happens when a process is finished.

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Eight puzzle problem

The N-puzzle problem contains N tiles (N+1 including empty tiles) where the value of N can be 8, 15, 24, etc. The puzzle is divided into the square root of (N+1) rows and the square root of (N+1) columns. These problems have an initial state or configuration and a goal state or configuration. The puzzle can be solved by shifting the tiles one by one in the empty space. The objective is to place the numbers on the tiles to match the final state using the empty space. The other name for the N-puzzle problem is the sliding puzzle.