a In order to change the density of the gas, the student increased the temperature of the gas to 100 degrees Celsius, which increased the volume. Use the principles of kinetic-molecular theory to explain why the volume increases when the temperature changed from 25 to 100 degrees Celsius. d) In a different experiment, the student cooled down the gas to -100 degrees Celsius and noticed that the measured volume is different from the volume calculated from the Ideal Gas Law. Assume that the experiment was performed correctly, and all the equipment worked property, Explain the difference between the calculated and the measured volume.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![a In order to change the density of the gas, the student increased the temperature of the gas to 100 degrees
Celsius, which increased the volume. Use the principles of kinetic-molecular theory to explain why the volume
increases when the temperature changed from 25 to 100 degrees Celsius.
In a different experiment, the student cooled down the gas to -100 degrees Celsius and noticed that the
measured volume is different from the volume calculated from the Ideal Gas Law, Assume that the experiment
was performed correctly, and all the equipment worked properly, Explain the difference between the calculated
and the measured volume.
d)
QUESTION 5
4 Fe(s) + 302(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
AH° = – 1650 kJ / mol,n
A student investigates a reaction used in hand warmers, represented above. The student mixes Fe(s) with a
catalyst and sand in a small open container. The student measures the temperature of the mixture as the
reaction proceeds. The data are given in the following table.
Time (min)
Temperature of Mixture (°C)
22.0
1
25.1
2
34.6
37.3
4
39.7
5
39.4
a) Use the information above to calculate the amount of heat between time 2 min and 5 min. The specific heat of
iron sand mixture is 0.82 J/g C and the mass used in the experiment was 150 grams.
b) Calculate the amount of oxygen required to generate the amount of heat calculated in part a
c) At 5 min, the temperature went down from 39.7 to 39.4 degrees Celsius. What would be the reason for this
drop? Justify your answer](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff994acc6-72db-40c0-b95e-d9a7cd40a8ef%2Fa7cd836c-9e03-438a-8816-8cf3d9641b56%2Fxjxz1tv_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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