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a) Illustrate when timeout events happen in the fifigure. b) Compare slow start and congestion avoidance. Give two reasons why slow start is used, and when slow start does a better job. c) Identify the intervals when slow start is used in the above fifigure. Identify which of the above reasons apply for each interval, why. (d) Identify the intervals when congestion avoidance is used. Illustrate why it is used instead of slow start in these intervals. (e) Identify the intervals when fast retransmission is used. Illustrate why and how it is used. (f) Identify the intervals when TCP fast recovery is used. Illustrate why and how it is used. (g) Identify the intervals when fast recovery could happen, but not. Give one specifific scenario that may prevent fast recovery from happening.

a) Illustrate when timeout events happen in the fifigure. b) Compare slow start and congestion avoidance. Give two reasons why slow start is used, and when slow start does a better job. c) Identify the intervals when slow start is used in the above fifigure. Identify which of the above reasons apply for each interval, why. (d) Identify the intervals when congestion avoidance is used. Illustrate why it is used instead of slow start in these intervals. (e) Identify the intervals when fast retransmission is used. Illustrate why and how it is used. (f) Identify the intervals when TCP fast recovery is used. Illustrate why and how it is used. (g) Identify the intervals when fast recovery could happen, but not. Give one specifific scenario that may prevent fast recovery from happening.

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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  1. a) Illustrate when timeout events happen in the fifigure.
  2. b) Compare slow start and congestion avoidance. Give two reasons why slow start is used, and when slow start

does a better job.

c) Identify the intervals when slow start is used in the above fifigure. Identify which of the above reasons apply for

each interval, why.

(d) Identify the intervals when congestion avoidance is used. Illustrate why it is used instead of slow start in these

intervals.

(e) Identify the intervals when fast retransmission is used. Illustrate why and how it is used.

(f) Identify the intervals when TCP fast recovery is used. Illustrate why and how it is used.

(g) Identify the intervals when fast recovery could happen, but not. Give one specifific scenario that may prevent

fast recovery from happening.

 

 

**Congestion Control in Computer Networks: A Graph Overview** The graph above illustrates the Congestion Window Size (in segments) across various Transmission Rounds in a network. This is a fundamental concept for understanding TCP/IP network performance. **Key Elements of the Graph:** - **X-Axis (Transmission Round):** This axis represents the sequence of transmission rounds, ranging from 0 to 32. Each round corresponds to an attempt to send data packets through the network. - **Y-Axis (Congestion Window Size in Segments):** This axis indicates the size of the congestion window measured in segments. The window size starts at 0 and can increase up to 35 segments, reflecting the number of packets the sender is allowed to send before needing an acknowledgment for previous ones. **Analysis of the Graph Shape:** 1. **Startup Phase (Rounds 0-6):** Initially, there is a rapid increase in the congestion window size, indicating aggressive probing of the network's capacity. This appears as a steep upward slope. 2. **Congestion Avoidance (Rounds 7-11, 15-21, 25-31):** After reaching certain levels (such as over 30 segments at round 7), the graph shows a sharp decrease followed by a gradual increase. This pattern typically signifies a response to network congestion and attempts to avoid congestion events. 3. **Multiple Loss Events (Round 12, 22):** Sudden drops in the congestion window size represent periods where packet loss occurred. The system reacts by reducing the window size drastically to alleviate congestion. 4. **Steady Incremental Growth:** After periods of packet loss, the congestion window begins to increase gradually, showcasing the network's strategy to slowly probe for additional capacity. This graph effectively demonstrates TCP's congestion control mechanism by highlighting how the congestion window size adapts over time to optimize data transmission efficiency while minimizing packet loss. Understanding this process is crucial for network management and performance optimization.
Transcribed Image Text:**Congestion Control in Computer Networks: A Graph Overview** The graph above illustrates the Congestion Window Size (in segments) across various Transmission Rounds in a network. This is a fundamental concept for understanding TCP/IP network performance. **Key Elements of the Graph:** - **X-Axis (Transmission Round):** This axis represents the sequence of transmission rounds, ranging from 0 to 32. Each round corresponds to an attempt to send data packets through the network. - **Y-Axis (Congestion Window Size in Segments):** This axis indicates the size of the congestion window measured in segments. The window size starts at 0 and can increase up to 35 segments, reflecting the number of packets the sender is allowed to send before needing an acknowledgment for previous ones. **Analysis of the Graph Shape:** 1. **Startup Phase (Rounds 0-6):** Initially, there is a rapid increase in the congestion window size, indicating aggressive probing of the network's capacity. This appears as a steep upward slope. 2. **Congestion Avoidance (Rounds 7-11, 15-21, 25-31):** After reaching certain levels (such as over 30 segments at round 7), the graph shows a sharp decrease followed by a gradual increase. This pattern typically signifies a response to network congestion and attempts to avoid congestion events. 3. **Multiple Loss Events (Round 12, 22):** Sudden drops in the congestion window size represent periods where packet loss occurred. The system reacts by reducing the window size drastically to alleviate congestion. 4. **Steady Incremental Growth:** After periods of packet loss, the congestion window begins to increase gradually, showcasing the network's strategy to slowly probe for additional capacity. This graph effectively demonstrates TCP's congestion control mechanism by highlighting how the congestion window size adapts over time to optimize data transmission efficiency while minimizing packet loss. Understanding this process is crucial for network management and performance optimization.
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