A horizontal force of 8.0-newtons is used to pull a 20.-newton wooden box moving toward the right actoss a horizontal wood surface, as shown. F = 8.0 N 20. N wooden box Wood Calculate the magnitude of the friction force acting on the box. Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units B i U AA E E x T- E A:
Kinematics
A machine is a device that accepts energy in some available form and utilizes it to do a type of work. Energy, work, or power has to be transferred from one mechanical part to another to run a machine. While the transfer of energy between two machine parts, those two parts experience a relative motion with each other. Studying such relative motions is termed kinematics.
Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem
In physics, work is the product of the net force in direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement or it can also be defined as the energy transfer of an object when it is moved for a distance due to the forces acting on it in the direction of displacement and perpendicular to the displacement which is called the normal force. Energy is the capacity of any object doing work. The SI unit of work is joule and energy is Joule. This principle follows the second law of Newton's law of motion where the net force causes the acceleration of an object. The force of gravity which is downward force and the normal force acting on an object which is perpendicular to the object are equal in magnitude but opposite to the direction, so while determining the net force, these two components cancel out. The net force is the horizontal component of the force and in our explanation, we consider everything as frictionless surface since friction should also be calculated while called the work-energy component of the object. The two most basics of energy classification are potential energy and kinetic energy. There are various kinds of kinetic energy like chemical, mechanical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, radiant energy, and so on. The work is done when there is a change in energy and it mainly depends on the application of force and movement of the object. Let us say how much work is needed to lift a 5kg ball 5m high. Work is mathematically represented as Force ×Displacement. So it will be 5kg times the gravitational constant on earth and the distance moved by the object. Wnet=Fnet times Displacement.
![### Example Problem: Calculating Friction Force
#### Problem Statement:
A horizontal force of 8 newtons is used to pull a 20-newton wooden box moving toward the right across a horizontal wood surface, as shown.
**Diagram Description:**
- The diagram shows a wooden box on a wood surface.
- The rectangular wooden box is labeled as "20 N wooden box."
- An arrow to the right of the box indicates a force \( F \) of 8.0 N being applied horizontally.
#### Task:
Calculate the magnitude of the friction force acting on the box. Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.
**Solution:**
To calculate the friction force, use the following steps:
1. **Identify the normal force (\( F_N \)):**
Since the box is on a horizontal surface, the normal force is equal to the weight of the box.
\[
F_N = 20 \text{ N}
\]
2. **Use the formula for friction force (\( F_{friction} \)):**
The friction force (\( F_f \)) is given by:
\[
F_f = \mu \times F_N
\]
where \( \mu \) is the coefficient of friction. For this particular problem, we do not have the coefficient of friction given, but under typical conditions for wood on wood, this value generally ranges around 0.5.
3. **Determine the value of the coefficient of friction for the system:**
Since the body is moving, it implies that the applied force and frictional force are balanced.
\[
F_{applied} = F_{friction}
\]
\[
\text{Therefore}\quad 8 \text{ N} = \mu \times 20 \text{ N}
\]
\[
\mu = \frac{8 \text{ N}}{20 \text{ N}}
\]
\[
\mu = 0.4
\]
Thus, the magnitude of the friction force acting on the box is 8.0 N which matches the applied force, indicating that it is the force necessary to keep the box moving at a constant velocity across the surface.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F666a7050-d460-4d4f-9624-d4bdba52f50b%2Fdd210112-3a92-487e-9668-856063325554%2Ffxbugb_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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