A) Generate a graph of ln Ksp vs 1/T (K) and find the best-fitting line.  This line equation will give you the slope, which is -∆H˚/R and an intercept of ∆S˚/R. B) Determine ∆G˚ at 298K Borax is also useful as a water softener.  Hard water is caused primarily by the presence of magnesium and calcium ions, which enter the water supply from minerals (calcite, gypsum and dolomite) within an aquifer.  Hard water will form deposits that clog drains.  Borax will react with these ions in a single replacement reaction releasing free sodium ions, which do not react with water and produce deposits.   C: Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Borax with calcium and magnesium ions to produce an insoluble product that will in effect, remove these ions from the water supply, thereby 'softening' the water. Please help with parts A B and C

Q: What is K for a reaction if ∆G° =-269.9 kJ/mol at 25°C? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: Answer :-  K = 2.0 × 1047 the equilibrium constant, K for the reaction = 2.0 × 1047…

Q: Determine ∆G° for a reaction when ∆G = -126.1 kJ/mol and Q = 0.043 at 298 K. (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

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Q: The reaction A(g) ∆ B(g) has an equilibrium constant of5.8 and under certain conditions has Q = 336.…

A: Given that : Equilibrium constant Kc = 5.8. It means that ∆G° < 1. Hence, ∆G° is negative.

Q: Calculate the ∆H of the following reaction. Show the complete and step by step solution. 1. 2C(s) +…

A:

Q: 2. Using the value of standard Gibbs free energy change, AG°xn, predict the spontaneity of the…

A: The reaction is given as follows: 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)-------->2HNO3(l)+NO(g)

Q: Predict the sign of ∆G for an endothermic reaction with an increase in entropy. positive negative no…

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Q: Using ∆Gf^0 values, calculate Kp at 298 K for the reaction 2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) (∆Gf^0 = 46.58 kJ/mol)

A: In this question given the value of ∆G° = 46.58 kJmol-1 and you want to Calculate Kp of the…

Q: The discovery of the Haber process for the production of ammonia from nitrogen was a turning point…

A: First, we need to calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change (∆G°) for the reaction. The ∆G°…

Q: What is ∆G for a reaction where ∆G° = -4.5 kJ/mol and Q = 3.0 at 295 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: The spontaneity and feasibility of reaction can be predicted by the Gibb’s free energy of that…

Q: Determine ∆G° for the reaction 2 NO₂(g) ⇌ N₂O₄(g) if K= 6.94 at 25.0 °C. (R = 8.314 J/mol･K)

A: Relation of gibbs free energy with equilibrium constant is given as:  ∆G = ∆Go + RTlnK  At…

Q: Determine ∆G° for a reaction when ∆G = -131.1 kJ/mol and Q = 35 at 325 K. (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

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Q: Determine ∆G° for a reaction when ∆G = -163.8 kJ/mol and Q = 0.043 at 298 K. (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: The standard Gibb's free energy change and reaction quotient have the following relationship. ΔG =…

Q: Discuss the factors affecting the sign of AG in the relationship AG= AH - TAS. Give examples for…

A: Negative free energy change accompanies spontaneity of the reaction or process.

Q: The diagram below shows the variation of the Gibbs free energy with temperature, T, for some…

A: Answer:Relation between standard Gibbs free energy change, standard enthalpy change and standard…

Q: When the reaction FeO (s) + CO (g) ↔ Fe (s) + CO2 (g) takes place at 600 K, , it is observed that a)…

A: a).  = equilibrium constant at 600°C =  0.900

Q: What is K for a reaction if ∆G° =-232.9 kJ/mol at 25°C (or 298 K)? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: We know that  ∆G° = - RT lnK

Q: Le Chatelier's Principle: Calculate ΔH if K doubles when T increases from 298 K to 308 K. (answer =…

A: The Arrhenius equation is: logK2 K1=Ea2.303R1 T1-1 T2 Here K is the rate constant. Ea is the…

Q: Determine AG° for 2 NO,(g) → N,O̟(g) at 25°C. Substance AGʻ† (kJ/mol) NO2 (g) 51.3 N204 (g) 97.8

A: Using gibbs free energy change of reactants and products, we can evaluate ∆G °  for the reaction.

Q: Calculate the ∆G in kJ/mol for a reaction at room temperature (~25.00°C) that has a Keq = 1000.0.…

A: We have to calculate the ∆G.

Q: For the following thermodynamic equilibrium chemical reaction shown below determine the overall ΔH°…

A: Welcome to bartleby !  Introduction :  We have to calculate enthalpy,entropy ,Gibbs free energy and…

Q: 4. Identify the most important intermolecular force in the following compounds. Then. arrange them…

A:

Q: What is K for a reaction if ∆G° =-195.9 kJ/mol at 25°C? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A:

Q: Given the reaction AB and using ∆Go = -RTln(Keq). (Useful calculations: ln1=0, ln1=positive; R =…

A: Answer: Ratio of molar concentrations of products and reactants is equal to reaction quotient and…

Q: Consider the following reaction at 25 °C: Ba(OH)₂･8 H₂O(s) + 2 NH₄Cl(s) → BaCl₂(s) + 2 NH₃(g) + 10…

A: Ba(OH)₂.8 H₂O(s) + 2 NH₄Cl(s) → BaCl₂(s) + 2 NH₃(g) + 10 H₂O(l) ∆G° = -14.1 kJ/mol The pressure of…

Q: The discovery of the Haber process for the production of ammonia from nitrogen was a turning point…

A: Approach to solving the question: Detailed explanation: Examples: Key references:

Q: What is K for a reaction if ∆G° =-273.8 kJ/mol at 25°C? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: Standard Gibbs free energy is related with Equilibrium constant,K as - ∆G° = - RT ln K   Where - ∆G°…

Q: What is K for a reaction if ∆G° =-254.1 kJ/mol at 25°C? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: The most usual method to state about reaction's spontaneity is comparing its Gibbs energy or its…

Q: What is ∆G for a reaction where ∆G° = -4.5 kJ/mol and Q = 2.5 at 295 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: According to thermodynamics equation, dG = dG° + RTlnQ On solving above equation we get,

Q: What is ∆G° for the reaction 3 O₂(g) → 2 O₃(g) at 25°C if K = 6.1 x 10⁻⁵⁸? (R = 8.314. J/mol ･ K)

A: Relation between ∆G0 and Equilibrium Constant a K is  ∆G0=-RTlnK where ∆G0 is Gibbs free energy  Ris…

Q: What is K for a reaction if ∆G° =173.2 kJ/mol at 25.0 °C? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: Given, Standard gibbs free energy (∆G°) = 173.2 kJ/mol = 173.2 × 1000 J/mol = 173200 J/mol…

Q: Determine K for a reaction at 200 K if ∆G° =16.7 kJ/mol. (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A:

Q: What is K for a reaction if ∆G° =-180.3 kJ/mol at 25°C (or 298 K)? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A:

Q: 20. What is A,G° (in kJ) at 500.0 K for the following reaction: Zn(s) + H2O(g) - ZnO(s) + H2(g)? 200…

A:

Q: Calculate ∆G° for the reaction of MCO3 ---> MO + CO2 at 25°C for the alkaline earth compounds Mg and…

A: The objective of the question is to determine the standard Gibbs free energy for the alkaline earth…

Q: Calculate the ΔG for the vaporisation of mercury at 24oC using ΔH = 61.0 kJ mol -1and ΔS = 89.0 J…

A:

Q: When the reaction FeO (s) + CO (g) ↔ Fe (s) + CO2 (g) takes place at 600 K, it is observed that XCO…

A: a). = equilibrium constant at 600°C =  0.900 b). where, R = Gas constant = T = temperature = =…

Q: Use the following deltaG degrees f values to calculate deltaG degreesrxn for the following reaction.…

A: Use the following deltaG degrees f values to calculate deltaG degreesrxn for the following reaction.…

Q: What is ∆G° for the reaction Br₂(g) → 2 Br(g) at 25.0 °C if K = 4.6 x 10⁻²⁹? (R = 8.314 J/mol･K) in…

A: Given reaction: Br₂(g) → 2 Br(g) K = 4.6 x 10⁻²⁹ We have to calculate ∆G° for the reaction.

Q: Determine ∆G° for a reaction when ∆G = -152.3 kJ/mol and Q = 0.043 at 298 K. (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)…

A: We have to find value of ∆G°

Q: Calculate the AG for the vaporisation of mercury at 24°C using AH = 61.0 kJ mol-1 and AS = 89.0 J…

A:

Q: What is ∆G for a reaction where ∆G° = -4.5 kJ/mol and Q = 1.6 at 295 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A: Given: Standard Gibbs free energy change, ∆G° = -4.5 kJ/mol Reaction quotient, Q = 1.6 Temperature,…

Q: What is ∆G for a reaction where ∆G° = -4.5 kJ/mol and Q = 2.0 at 295 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol ･ K)

A:

Kinetic-Theory of Gases

Kinetic theory of gases is the model or method which was developed in the 19th century by Maxwell and Boltzmann. This is possible as the interatomic force which is of short-range forces that are important for solids and liquids can be neglected for gases. This theory or gas law gives a molecular interpretation of the pressure and temperature of a gas and is consistent with gas laws and Avogadro’s hypothesis. This theory is very helpful to correctly explain the specific heat capacities of many gases, kinetic energy and it also explains the transport qualities such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion with molecular parameters. As stated in the kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance or gas particle is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles of that substance. When a substance is heated, some of the absorbed energy is stored within the particles, while some of the energy increases the motion of the particles, called average kinetic energy.