A force sensor pulls a cart horizontally from rest. The position of the cart is recorded by a motion sensor. The data were plotted on a graph as shown in Figure 10. The applied force and the displacement are parallel. What is the work done on the cart by the force sensor after a displacement of 0.5 m?™ F(N) 2. 0. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 d (m)
Kinematics
A machine is a device that accepts energy in some available form and utilizes it to do a type of work. Energy, work, or power has to be transferred from one mechanical part to another to run a machine. While the transfer of energy between two machine parts, those two parts experience a relative motion with each other. Studying such relative motions is termed kinematics.
Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem
In physics, work is the product of the net force in direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement or it can also be defined as the energy transfer of an object when it is moved for a distance due to the forces acting on it in the direction of displacement and perpendicular to the displacement which is called the normal force. Energy is the capacity of any object doing work. The SI unit of work is joule and energy is Joule. This principle follows the second law of Newton's law of motion where the net force causes the acceleration of an object. The force of gravity which is downward force and the normal force acting on an object which is perpendicular to the object are equal in magnitude but opposite to the direction, so while determining the net force, these two components cancel out. The net force is the horizontal component of the force and in our explanation, we consider everything as frictionless surface since friction should also be calculated while called the work-energy component of the object. The two most basics of energy classification are potential energy and kinetic energy. There are various kinds of kinetic energy like chemical, mechanical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, radiant energy, and so on. The work is done when there is a change in energy and it mainly depends on the application of force and movement of the object. Let us say how much work is needed to lift a 5kg ball 5m high. Work is mathematically represented as Force ×Displacement. So it will be 5kg times the gravitational constant on earth and the distance moved by the object. Wnet=Fnet times Displacement.
question 6 please thanks
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Questions
1. A 25.0 N applied force acts on a cart in the direction of the
motion. The cart moves 13.0 m. How much work is done by
the applied force? ™
2. A tow truck pulls a car from rest onto a level road. The tow
truck exerts a horizontal force of 1500 N on the car. The
frictional force on the car is 810 N. Calculate the work done
by each of the following forces on the car as the car moves
forward 12 m: ™
(a) the force of the tow truck on the car
(b) the force of friction
(c) the normal force
(d) the force of gravity
3. A child pulls a wagon by the handle along a flat sidewalk.
She exerts a force of 80.0 N at an angle of 30.0° above
the horizontal while she moves the wagon 12 m forward.
The force of friction on the wagon is 34 N. ™
(a) Calculate the mechanical work done by the child on
the wagon.
(b) Calculate the total work done on the wagon.
4. A horizontal rope is used to pull a box forward across
a rough floor doing 250 J of work over a horizontal
displacement of 12 m at a constant velocity. ™ C
(a) Draw an FBD of the box.
(b) Calculate the tension in the rope.
(c) Calculate the force of friction and the work done by the
force of friction. Explain your reasoning.
5. A 62 kg person in an elevator is moving up at a constant
speed of 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s. ™
(a) Draw an FBD of the person in the elevator.
(b) Calculate the work done by the normal force on the person.
(c) Calculate the work done by the force of gravity on the
person.
(d) How would your answers change if the elevator were
moving down at 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s?
6. A force sensor pulls a cart horizontally from rest.
The position of the cart is recorded by a motion sensor.
The data were plotted on a graph as shown in Figure 10.
The applied force and the displacement are parallel. What
is the work done on the cart by the force sensor after a
displacement of 0.5 m?™
F(N)
4
2-
0
0
Figure 10
0.1 0.2
0.3
-
0.4 0.5
d (m)
7. A rope pulls a 2.0 kg bucket straight up, accelerating it
from rest at 2.2 m/s² for 3.0 s. ™
(a) Calculate the displacement of the bucket.
(b) Calculate the work done by each force acting on the
bucket.
(c) Calculate the total mechanical work done on the
bucket.
(d) Calculate the net force acting on the bucket and the
work done by the net force. Compare your answer
to the total mechanical work done on the bucket as
calculated in (c).
8. In your own words, explain if mechanical work is done in
each of the following cases: K
(a) A heavy box sits on a rough horizontal counter in a
factory.
(b) An employee pulls on the box with a horizontal force
and nothing happens.
(c) The same employee goes behind the box and pushes
even harder, and the box begins to move. After a few
seconds, the box slides onto frictionless rollers and
the employee lets go, allowing the box to move with a
constant velocity.
9. The graph in Figure 11 shows the force acting on a
cart from a spring. The force from the spring is either in
the same direction as the cart's displacement or in the
opposite direction. G
F(N)
5
0
-5-
1
2
B
3
C
d (m)
Figure 11
(a) Calculate the work done in sections A, B, and C.
(b) Calculate the total work done.
(c) Explain why the work done in section C must be
negative.
10. Describe two ways to determine the total work done by one
object on another object. Ku
11. Consider the equation W = F (cos 0)Ad. Ku
(a) Using the equation, explain why a force perpendicular
to the displacement does zero work.
(b) Using the equation, explain why a force opposite to the
displacement does negative work."
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