a) For each of the following, apply the a rule as indicated, or state that its application would be illegal. i) (Ax. (Az. + (*xy) z)) change y to u i) (Au. (Av. * u v))(Aw. + w v) change w to u b) Reduce the following expression (Ax. (Ay. (Az. (× (– z 2) y)) 7) x) 3 i) using Normal Order Reduction ii) using Applicative Order Reduction

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A: Here is the detailed and simplified C++ code for the above listed problem statement:

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Literals

A literal in computer science is used to express a fixed value in source code. They cannot be modified. Almost all programs have these fixed values or literals.