A flow of liquid is discharged from a long horizontal pipe of circular cross-section into the atmosphere. Sketch the typical appearance of (i) a laminar jet (ii) a turbulent jet. Explain their forms and the differences between them. Define the loss coefficient K, used in the analysis of pipe systems. Give three examples of distinct elements in pipe systems which lead to losses, explaining briefly in each case why the losses occur. You want to draw water from a stream running down a hill behind your house at a rate of 3 litres /s.To hand you have 30m of commercial steel tubing of inside diameter 30mm. At what vertical level above the house should you dam the stream to draw off the water?.
Reservoir and Streamflow Routing
In hydrology, a reservoir is usually a natural pond that is enlarged or made using a dam to keep the water clean. Reservoirs or dams can be constructed in several ways, including controlling the existing watercourse, disrupting the watercourse to form embayment within it, by digging or building any number of retaining walls.
Water Resource Systems Analysis
Water resources are natural water sources that may be as useful as water sources. 97% of the world's water is saltwater and only 3% is pure water; just over two-thirds of this ice sheet is located in glaciers. The remaining pure frozen water is found primarily as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above the ground or in the air. Natural sources of freshwater include surface water, under river flow, groundwater, and ice water. Artificial water sources can include treated wastewater (recycled water) and saline seawater.
A flow of liquid is discharged from a long horizontal pipe of circular cross-section into the
atmosphere. Sketch the typical appearance of
(i) a laminar jet
(ii) a turbulent jet.
Explain their forms and the differences between them.
Define the loss coefficient K, used in the analysis of pipe systems. Give three examples of distinct elements in pipe systems which lead to losses, explaining briefly in each case why the losses occur.
You want to draw water from a stream running down a hill behind your house at a rate of 3 litres /s.To hand you have 30m of commercial steel tubing of inside diameter 30mm. At what vertical level above the house should you dam the stream to draw off the water?.
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