A factory can product 240,000 units per year at its 100% capacity. The estimated production costs are given below: Direct material $400 per unit Direct labor $200 per unit Indirect expenses: Fixed $4,000,000 per year Variable $100 per unit Semi-variable $100,000 per year up to 60% capacity and $20,000 for every 20% increase in the capacity or part thereof. If the production program of the factory is as indicated below and the required profit is $2,000,000 for the year, determine the average selling price. First three months of the year - 60% of capacity Remaining nine months of the year - 80% of capacity
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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