a) Each of the 4 processors in a shared memory multi-processor system is rated at 800 MIPS. A program contains a purely sequential part that accounts for 42% of the program’s execution time on a single processor. The remaining code can be partitioned into three independent parts (A, B, and C). Running on a single processor, part A accounts for 20% of the program’s execution time, part B accounts for 18% of the execution time, and part C accounts for 20% of the execution time. All four processors can be used to execute the program, but the sequential part must be completed before the remaining independent parts (A, B or C) can run in parallel. Compared to running on the single processor system, what is the speedup ratio provided by running the program on the 4-processor system?  Express your answer to 3 decimal places (d.ddd). b) On a different SMP 4-processor system, each of the four cores has a separate L1 cache, but the 4 processors share a single L2 cache. This system executes a different program that contains 4 independent parts which can execute in parallel. One option for improving the performance of the system is to provide each core with its own L2 cache so that the system contains four separate L2 caches instead of a single shared L2 cache. Can the actual speedup obtained by this improvement exceed a speedup of 4? Explain your answer.

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Types of database architectures

A Database Architecture represents the Database Management System’s (DBMS) design (schema). The DBMS architecture makes it easy to understand the components involved in the database system and their relations. The DBMS architecture may vary based on the system on which it runs. Some systems contain both client and server machines whereas some run only on a server machine. Based on the architecture, the system can be classified as centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical.