A dog training business began on December 1. The following transactions occurred during its first month. December 1 Receives $21,000 cash as an owner investment in exchange for common stock. December 2 Pays $6,120 cash for equipment. December 3 Pays $3,660 cash (insurance premium) for a 12-month insurance policy. Coverage began on December 1. December 4 Pays $1,020 cash for December rent expense. December 7 Provides all-day training services for a large group and immediately collects $1,150 cash. December 8 Pays $205 cash in wages for part-time help. December 9 Provides training services for $2,420 and rents training equipment for $610. The customer is billed $3,030 for these services. December 19 Receives $3,030 cash from the customer billed on Dec. 9. December 20 Purchases $2,010 of supplies on credit from a supplier. December 23 Receives $1,620 cash in advance of providing a 4-week training service to a customer. December 29 Pays $1,305 cash as a partial payment toward the accounts payable of Dec. 20. December 30 Distributed a $505 cash dividend to the owner. Information for month-end adjustments follows: December 31 One month of the 12-month, $3,660 insurance policy is expired by December 31. This leaves $3,355 not yet expired. December 31 A physical count of supplies on December 31 shows that only $1,205 of supplies remain of the $2,010 supplies purchased. December 31 The $6,120 of equipment purchased at the beginning of December has a useful life of 5 years and will be worth nothing at the end of 5 years (60 months). The business uses straight-line depreciation to allocate the $6,120 net cost over 60 months. On December 31, 1 month of depreciation must be recorded. December 31 The business agreed on December 23 to provide a 4-week training service to a customer for a fixed fee of $1,620 paid in advance. By December 31, the business has provided 1 of the 4 weeks of services and earned one-fourth of the fee. No revenue is yet recorded. December 31 On December 31, wages of $605 are owed to a part-time employee for work done over the past 3 weeks. Those wages are not yet paid or recorded. December 31 The business agreed to provide 6 weeks of training services to a customer for a fee of $4,230, or $705 per week. The customer agrees to pay the full $4,230 at the end of 6 weeks when services are complete. By December 31, 2 weeks of services have been provided, but the business has not yet billed the customer or recorded the 2 weeks of services provided.
The Effect Of Prepaid Taxes On Assets And Liabilities
Many businesses estimate tax liability and make payments throughout the year (often quarterly). When a company overestimates its tax liability, this results in the business paying a prepaid tax. Prepaid taxes will be reversed within one year but can result in prepaid assets and liabilities.
Final Accounts
Financial accounting is one of the branches of accounting in which the transactions arising in the business over a particular period are recorded.
Ledger Posting
A ledger is an account that provides information on all the transactions that have taken place during a particular period. It is also known as General Ledger. For example, your bank account statement is a general ledger that gives information about the amount paid/debited or received/ credited from your bank account over some time.
Trial Balance and Final Accounts
In accounting we start with recording transaction with journal entries then we make separate ledger account for each type of transaction. It is very necessary to check and verify that the transaction transferred to ledgers from the journal are accurately recorded or not. Trial balance helps in this. Trial balance helps to check the accuracy of posting the ledger accounts. It helps the accountant to assist in preparing final accounts. It also helps the accountant to check whether all the debits and credits of items are recorded and posted accurately. Like in a balance sheet debit and credit side should be equal, similarly in trial balance debit balance and credit balance should tally.
Adjustment Entries
At the end of every accounting period Adjustment Entries are made in order to adjust the accounts precisely replicate the expenses and revenue of the current period. It is also known as end of period adjustment. It can also be referred as financial reporting that corrects the errors made previously in the accounting period. The basic characteristics of every adjustment entry is that it affects at least one real account and one nominal account.
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