A doctor wants to estimate the mean HDL cholesterol of all​ 20- to​ 29-year-old females. How many subjects are needed to estimate the mean HDL cholesterol within 3 points with 99% confidence assuming s=11.2 based on earlier​ studies? Suppose the doctor would be content with 90% confidence. How does the decrease in c

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A doctor wants to estimate the mean HDL cholesterol of all​ 20- to​ 29-year-old females. How many subjects are needed to estimate the mean HDL cholesterol within 3 points with 99% confidence assuming s=11.2 based on earlier​ studies? Suppose the doctor would be content with 90% confidence. How does the decrease in confidence affect the sample size​ required?

**Partial Critical Value Table**

This table displays critical values for different levels of confidence used in statistical analyses, particularly in hypothesis testing.

| Level of Confidence, \( (1 - \alpha) \cdot 100\% \) | Area in Each Tail, \( \frac{\alpha}{2} \) | Critical Value, \( z_{\alpha/2} \) |
|--------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| 90%                                              | 0.05                              | 1.645                         |
| 95%                                              | 0.025                             | 1.96                          |
| 99%                                              | 0.005                             | 2.575                         |

**Explanation:**

- **Level of Confidence, \( (1 - \alpha) \cdot 100\% \):** Represents the confidence level of the interval estimates. Common choices are 90%, 95%, and 99%.

- **Area in Each Tail, \( \frac{\alpha}{2} \):** Split of the alpha level significance, representing the likelihood that the true parameter will fall in the tail region of the standard normal distribution.

- **Critical Value, \( z_{\alpha/2} \):** The cutoff point or threshold value on the standard normal distribution, used to determine the critical region in hypothesis tests.

This table is essential for determining the critical z-values needed when constructing confidence intervals or conducting hypothesis tests using normal distribution.
Transcribed Image Text:**Partial Critical Value Table** This table displays critical values for different levels of confidence used in statistical analyses, particularly in hypothesis testing. | Level of Confidence, \( (1 - \alpha) \cdot 100\% \) | Area in Each Tail, \( \frac{\alpha}{2} \) | Critical Value, \( z_{\alpha/2} \) | |--------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------| | 90% | 0.05 | 1.645 | | 95% | 0.025 | 1.96 | | 99% | 0.005 | 2.575 | **Explanation:** - **Level of Confidence, \( (1 - \alpha) \cdot 100\% \):** Represents the confidence level of the interval estimates. Common choices are 90%, 95%, and 99%. - **Area in Each Tail, \( \frac{\alpha}{2} \):** Split of the alpha level significance, representing the likelihood that the true parameter will fall in the tail region of the standard normal distribution. - **Critical Value, \( z_{\alpha/2} \):** The cutoff point or threshold value on the standard normal distribution, used to determine the critical region in hypothesis tests. This table is essential for determining the critical z-values needed when constructing confidence intervals or conducting hypothesis tests using normal distribution.
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