A diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 97% and a specificty of 99%. You have determined that, given the estimated prevalence of the infection you are testing for, a positive test corresponds to a 43% chance of being infected. Which of the following would you expect to increase the predictive value of a positive test result? a. Testing only individuals who have been exposed to an infected person b. Testing people who live in areas where infection rates are higher than the general population. c. Testing only symptomatic individuals d. Testing only people with a high risk of dying from the infection.

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