(a) Determine k that renders f(x) a valid density func- tion. (b) Find the probability that a random error in mea- surement is less than 1/2. (c) For this particular measurement, it is undesirable if the magnitude of the error (i.e., [x]) exceeds 0.8. What is the probability that this occurs?

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### Problem 3.30

Measurements of scientific systems are always subject to variation, some more than others. There are many structures for measurement error, and statisticians spend a great deal of time modeling these errors. Suppose the measurement error \( X \) of a certain physical quantity is decided by the density function

\[
f(x) = 
\begin{cases} 
    k(3 - x^2), & -1 \leq x \leq 1, \\
    0, & \text{elsewhere}.
\end{cases}
\]

**(a)** Determine \( k \) that renders \( f(x) \) a valid density function.

**(b)** Find the probability that a random error in measurement is less than \( \frac{1}{2} \).

**(c)** For this particular measurement, it is undesirable if the magnitude of the error (i.e., \(|x|\)) exceeds 0.8. What is the probability that this occurs?
Transcribed Image Text:### Problem 3.30 Measurements of scientific systems are always subject to variation, some more than others. There are many structures for measurement error, and statisticians spend a great deal of time modeling these errors. Suppose the measurement error \( X \) of a certain physical quantity is decided by the density function \[ f(x) = \begin{cases} k(3 - x^2), & -1 \leq x \leq 1, \\ 0, & \text{elsewhere}. \end{cases} \] **(a)** Determine \( k \) that renders \( f(x) \) a valid density function. **(b)** Find the probability that a random error in measurement is less than \( \frac{1}{2} \). **(c)** For this particular measurement, it is undesirable if the magnitude of the error (i.e., \(|x|\)) exceeds 0.8. What is the probability that this occurs?
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