A data set lists earthquake depths. The summary statistics aren= 400, x = 5.85 km, s = 4.82 km. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim of a seismologist that these earthquakes are from a population with a mean equal to 5.00. Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? Ο Α. Hρ: μ = 5.00 km H,:µ<5.00 km о в. Но: и#5.00 km H4:u = 5.00 km О с. Но: и5.00 km H.:1 #5.00 km O D. Ho:µ= 5.00 km H.:u>5.00 km

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### Understanding Hypothesis Testing for Earthquake Depths

A data set lists earthquake depths. The summary statistics are:
- \( n = 400 \)
- \( \bar{x} = 5.85 \) km
- \( s = 4.82 \) km

**Problem Statement**:
A seismologist claims that these earthquakes are from a population with a mean equal to 5.00 km. Use a 0.01 significance level to test this claim. Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. We need to identify the null and alternative hypotheses, the test statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

**Question**:
What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

### Hypothesis Options
- **Option A**:
  - \( H_{0}: \mu = 5.00 \) km
  - \( H_{1}: \mu < 5.00 \) km

- **Option B** (selected as correct):
  - \( H_{0}: \mu \neq 5.00 \) km
  - \( H_{1}: \mu = 5.00 \) km

- **Option C**:
  - \( H_{0}: \mu = 5.00 \) km
  - \( H_{1}: \mu \neq 5.00 \) km

- **Option D**:
  - \( H_{0}: \mu = 5.00 \) km
  - \( H_{1}: \mu > 5.00 \) km

**Explanation**:
In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis (\( H_{0} \)) represents the status quo or a statement of no effect or no difference. The alternative hypothesis (\( H_{1} \)) represents the claim we seek to find evidence for.

### Critical Insight:
For the seismologist's claim that the mean depth is 5.00 km, the suitable hypothesis formulation is:
- **Null Hypothesis (\( H_{0} \)): \( \mu \neq 5.00 \) km**
- **Alternative Hypothesis (\( H_{1} \)): \( \mu = 5.00 \) km**

This configuration tests if the data significantly differs from the proposed 5.00 km mean, conforming to Option B.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Hypothesis Testing for Earthquake Depths A data set lists earthquake depths. The summary statistics are: - \( n = 400 \) - \( \bar{x} = 5.85 \) km - \( s = 4.82 \) km **Problem Statement**: A seismologist claims that these earthquakes are from a population with a mean equal to 5.00 km. Use a 0.01 significance level to test this claim. Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. We need to identify the null and alternative hypotheses, the test statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. **Question**: What are the null and alternative hypotheses? ### Hypothesis Options - **Option A**: - \( H_{0}: \mu = 5.00 \) km - \( H_{1}: \mu < 5.00 \) km - **Option B** (selected as correct): - \( H_{0}: \mu \neq 5.00 \) km - \( H_{1}: \mu = 5.00 \) km - **Option C**: - \( H_{0}: \mu = 5.00 \) km - \( H_{1}: \mu \neq 5.00 \) km - **Option D**: - \( H_{0}: \mu = 5.00 \) km - \( H_{1}: \mu > 5.00 \) km **Explanation**: In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis (\( H_{0} \)) represents the status quo or a statement of no effect or no difference. The alternative hypothesis (\( H_{1} \)) represents the claim we seek to find evidence for. ### Critical Insight: For the seismologist's claim that the mean depth is 5.00 km, the suitable hypothesis formulation is: - **Null Hypothesis (\( H_{0} \)): \( \mu \neq 5.00 \) km** - **Alternative Hypothesis (\( H_{1} \)): \( \mu = 5.00 \) km** This configuration tests if the data significantly differs from the proposed 5.00 km mean, conforming to Option B.
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