A cylinder with a valve at the bottom contains an ideal gas. The valve is opened and some of the gas escapes slowly. The valve is then closed, after which the piston is observed to be at a lower position. Assume that the system is in thermal equilibrium with the surroundings at all times and that the piston is free to move without friction. Ideal gas a. In the spaces provided, draw two free-body diagrams for the piston: one for an instant before the valve is open and one for an instant afterward. Free-body diagram for piston before the valve is opened Free-body diagram for piston after the valve is opened of of leaoq on d il (noleir hoin b. Is the final pressure of the gas in the cylinder greater than, less than, or equal to the initial pressure? Explain. c. In this process, which of the quantities P, V, n, and T are held constant and which are allowec to change?

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Free Body Diagram

The system of forces acting on a body tends to either rotate it or make the body undergo motion. In general, when an external agent exerts a force on a body, the body undergoes translational motion and rotational motion. The body has six degrees of freedom under the influence of that force. Here, three degrees of freedom are from the translational motion while the other three are from the rotation motion. However, sometimes the bodies are not allowed to undergo any motion and are fixed, under such conditions the body is said to be constrained.