A computer employs RAM chips of 128 x 8 and ROM chips of 512 x 8. The computer system needs 256 bytes of RAM, 1024 x 16 of ROM, and two interface units with 256 registers each. A memory mapped I/O configuration is used. The two higher -order bits of the address bus are assigned 00 for RAM, 01 for ROM, and 10 for interface registers. a. Compute total number of decoders are needed for the above system?

An 8-bit data is read from an input device and stored in the memory location 0x20000200. Thisdata is needed to be processed first by the ARM microprocessor. In particular, the data needsto be masked where bit number 1, 5, 6 and 7 must be cleared to 0 before the data can beprocessed. Write a suitable instructions to mask the data as specified in the specification above.Explain your work.

On the Motorola 68020 microprocessor, a cache access takes two clock cycles. Data access from main memory over the bus to the processor takes three clock cycles in the case of no wait state insertion; the data are delivered to the processor in parallel with delivery to the cache. a. Calculate the effective length of a memory cycle given a hit ratio of 0.9 and a clocking rate of 16.67 MHz. b. Repeat the calculations assuming insertion of two wait states of one cycle each per memory cycle. What conclusion can you draw from the results?

4. Suppose the memory cells at addresses Ox00 through 0x05 in the Vole contain the following bit patterns: Address 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 Contents 0x22 0x11 0x32 0x02 OXCO 0x00 Assuming that the program counter initially contained 0x00, record the contents of the program counter, instruction register, and memory cell at address 0x02 at the end of each fetch phase of the machine cycle until the machine halts.

A computer system contains a big endian byte addressable memory system with 8 separate memory modules. Each memory module is 32 bits wide and contains 134217728 cells. Cells within each memory module are numbered 0 through 134217727. a) If the memory employs high order interleaving, what is the 32-bit memory address of cell 1048578 within module 3? b) If the high order interleaved memory uses little-endian instead of big-endian storage order, what is the 32-bit memory address of cell 511 within module 1? c) If the memory employs low order interleaving, what is the 32-bit memory address of byte 1048575 within module 2? Bytes are numbered starting from 0. Express the address in hex. d) What is the main advantage of using low-order interleaved memory compared to using high-order interleaved memory?

On the Motorola 68020 microprocessor, a cache access takes two clock cycles. Data access from main memory over the bus to the processor takes three clock cycles in the case of no wait state insertion; the data are delivered to the processor in parallel with delivery to the cache. a. Calculate the effective length of a memory cycle given a hit ratio of 0.9 and a clocking rate of 16.67 MHz. b. Repeat the calculations assuming insertion of two wait states of one cycle each per memory cycle. What conclusion can you draw from the results?

A computer employs RAM chips of 512 x 16 and ROM chips of 1024 x 8. The computer system needs 4K bytes of RAM and 2K bytes of ROM along with interface unit of 128 registers each. A memory mapped I/0 configuration is used. The two higher order bits are assigned for RAM, ROM and interface as 00, 01 and 10 respectively. a) How many RAM and ROM chips are needed

Problem 1. This problem is about operand modes, in particular about memory addressing using the operand modes described in lecture and the textbook. The following shows the contents of a portion of the program memory (locations Ox10000 through 0x10040), and certain registers. All contents are 64-bit quantities. Address Memory Contents 0x10040 0x10038 0x10030 0x10028 0x10020 0x10018 0x10010 0x10008 0x10000 a. movq (%rdi), %rax b. movq (%rdi,%rsi), %rax 100 0x10040 200 25 0x10028 0x10020 c. movq 8(%rdi, %rcx, 4) %r8 d. movq -8(%rdi,%rsi), rbx 500 0x10018 2 Register Contents %rdi 0x10008 %rsi %rdx %rcx For each of the following instructions, say what value ends up in the destination register. Each instruction starts with the state shown above, i.e., the effects do not accumulate. 0x20 8 4

A large endian byte addressed memory system with eight distinct memory modules is included in a computer system. Each memory module has 134217728 cells and is 32 bits wide. a) What is the 32-bit memory address of cell 1048578 in module 3 if the memory uses high order interleaving? b) What is the 32-bit memory address of byte 1048575 inside module 2 if the memory uses high order interleaving? c) What is the 32-bit memory address of cell 511 inside module 1 if the high order interleaved memory utilises little endian storage order instead of big endian storage order?

Q.In a computer instruction format, the instruction length is 11 bits and the size of an address field is 4 bits. Is it possible to have 32 zero-address instructions using the specified format? Justify your answer.