A compressible normally consolidated clay layer is 7.4m thick and has an initial void ratio of 0.988. Consolidation tests indicate that the void ratio of the clay layer corresponding to the total pressure acting at mid height of the consolidating clay layer after construction of a building is 0.942. Calculate the total expected primary consolidation.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.