A compound steel (E = 30,000 ksi) bar is subjected to the loads shown. Bar (1) has a cross-sectional area of A1 = 0.35 in.2 and a length of L1 = 120 in. Bar (2) has an area of A2 = 0.35 in.2 and a length of L2 = 90 in. Bar (3) has an area of A3 = 0.20 in.2 and a length of L3 = 45 in. The loads and angles are P = 29 kips, α = 32°, Q = 11 kips, β = 57°, and R = 14 kips. Determine the vertical deflection of end A. A downwards deflection is positive, while an upw

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Alloys

An alloy is an admixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal. Since ancient times, man has been using alloys. Alloying helps to retain the properties of the parent matter, such as hardness, strength, toughness, ductility and is corrosion-resistant. Copper alloys such as brass have antimicrobial properties that help to fight against (Coronavirus disease 2019) COVID-19 and other hospital-acquired infections. Some common alloys are brass, bronze, solder steel, etc. Most alloys have a lower melting point than their constituents. This is due to the presence of a nonmetal as one of the constituents that behaves as an impurity and restricts the raise of melting point.