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A common application of control systems is in regulating the temperature of a chemical process (Figure P6.11). The flow of a chemical reactant to a process is controlled by an actuator and valve. The reactant causes the temperature in the vat to change. This temperature is sensed and com- pared to a desired set-point temperature in a closed loop, where the flow of reactant is adjusted to yield the desired temperature. In Chapter 9, we will learn how a PID controller is used to improve the performance of such process control systems. Figure P6.11 shows the control system prior to the addition of the PID controller. The PID controller is replaced by the shaded box with a gain of unity. For this system, prior to the design of the PID controller, find the range of amplifier gain, K, to keep the system stable. Desired temperature set point + Future PID controller Amplifier 1 H K Actuator and valve S + 0.5 0.1 s +0.1 Temperature sensor Chemical heat process 0.7 s² + 1.7s +0.3 Actual temperature

A common application of control systems is in regulating the temperature of a chemical process (Figure P6.11). The flow of a chemical reactant to a process is controlled by an actuator and valve. The reactant causes the temperature in the vat to change. This temperature is sensed and com- pared to a desired set-point temperature in a closed loop, where the flow of reactant is adjusted to yield the desired temperature. In Chapter 9, we will learn how a PID controller is used to improve the performance of such process control systems. Figure P6.11 shows the control system prior to the addition of the PID controller. The PID controller is replaced by the shaded box with a gain of unity. For this system, prior to the design of the PID controller, find the range of amplifier gain, K, to keep the system stable. Desired temperature set point + Future PID controller Amplifier 1 H K Actuator and valve S + 0.5 0.1 s +0.1 Temperature sensor Chemical heat process 0.7 s² + 1.7s +0.3 Actual temperature

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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**Control Systems in Chemical Processes** A common application of control systems is in regulating the temperature of a chemical process as shown in Figure P6.11. The flow of a chemical reactant to a process is controlled by an actuator and valve. The reactant causes the temperature in the vat to change. This temperature is sensed and compared to a desired set-point temperature in a closed loop, where the flow of reactant is adjusted to yield the desired temperature. In Chapter 9, we will learn how a PID controller is used to improve the performance of such process control systems. Figure P6.11 illustrates the control system prior to the addition of the PID controller. The PID controller is replaced by a shaded box with a gain of unity. For this system, prior to designing the PID controller, it is necessary to find the range of amplifier gain, \( K \), to maintain system stability. **Diagram Explanation:** - The diagram depicts a control loop system which includes: - **Desired temperature set point**: The reference input for the desired temperature. - **Summation Junction**: Combines the set point and feedback signals. - **Amplifier**: Multiplies the error by gain \( K \). - **Actuator and Valve**: Modeled as \(\frac{1}{s + 0.5}\). - **Chemical Heat Process**: Modeled as \(\frac{0.7}{s^2 + 1.7s + 0.3}\). - **Temperature Sensor**: Modeled as \(\frac{0.1}{s + 0.1}\). - **Feedback Loop**: Provides the actual temperature back to the summation junction to form a closed loop. Understanding the behavior of this system, particularly the effect of the amplifier gain \( K \), is crucial for maintaining stability in the chemical process environment.
Transcribed Image Text:**Control Systems in Chemical Processes** A common application of control systems is in regulating the temperature of a chemical process as shown in Figure P6.11. The flow of a chemical reactant to a process is controlled by an actuator and valve. The reactant causes the temperature in the vat to change. This temperature is sensed and compared to a desired set-point temperature in a closed loop, where the flow of reactant is adjusted to yield the desired temperature. In Chapter 9, we will learn how a PID controller is used to improve the performance of such process control systems. Figure P6.11 illustrates the control system prior to the addition of the PID controller. The PID controller is replaced by a shaded box with a gain of unity. For this system, prior to designing the PID controller, it is necessary to find the range of amplifier gain, \( K \), to maintain system stability. **Diagram Explanation:** - The diagram depicts a control loop system which includes: - **Desired temperature set point**: The reference input for the desired temperature. - **Summation Junction**: Combines the set point and feedback signals. - **Amplifier**: Multiplies the error by gain \( K \). - **Actuator and Valve**: Modeled as \(\frac{1}{s + 0.5}\). - **Chemical Heat Process**: Modeled as \(\frac{0.7}{s^2 + 1.7s + 0.3}\). - **Temperature Sensor**: Modeled as \(\frac{0.1}{s + 0.1}\). - **Feedback Loop**: Provides the actual temperature back to the summation junction to form a closed loop. Understanding the behavior of this system, particularly the effect of the amplifier gain \( K \), is crucial for maintaining stability in the chemical process environment.
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