A collimated beam of sodium light (λ = 589.3 nm) is incident normally on a Wollaston prism constructed from calcite with wedge angle of 15°, as shown in the figure. The angle of deviation between the two emerging beams equals [the refractive indices of calcite at this wavelength are n|| = 1.4864 and n₁ = 1.6584] OA 15% 15° OA

Explain what is meant by "residual stresses" in a material and how X-ray diffraction analysis can be used to quantify the residual stresses. i. Residual stress: ii. How to quantify:

In visible absorption measurements, what is the effect of sample turbidity or cloudiness? a.) Turbidity results in significant light scattering and increases apparent sample absorbance.b.) Turbidity results in significant light scattering and decreases apparent sample absorbance.c.) Turbidity results in minimal light scattering and increases apparent sample absorbance.d.) Turbidity results in minimal light scattering and decreases apparent sample absorbance.

It is given that 3 day BOD of a sample is 75 mg/lt and the reraction rate constant is 0.345/day. Determine the value of BOD remaining after 10 days in the sample.