A clay stratum is 4.5 m thick and rests on a rock surface. The coefficient of consolidation of a sample of this clay was found to be 4.5 × 10–8 m2/s in the laboratory. Determine probable period of time required for the clay stratum to undergo 50% of the ultimate settlement expected under a certain increment of pressure.

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Consolidation parameters

Consolidation is the process of expulsion of pore water present in the voids of soil solids under the pressure of the applied load. This is a quick process in the case of coarse-grained soils since the permeability is high due to the presence of more voids, while it is a slow and gradual process in the case of clayey soil as the permeability of clay is less. An example of consolidation is the settlement of soil under a building due to the load coming from the building.