A certain toaster has a heating element made of Nichrome resistance wire. When the toaster is first connected to a 100-V source of potential difference (and the wire is at a temperature of 20.0°C), the initial current is 1.90 A, but the current begins to decrease as the resistive element warms up. When the toaster reaches its final operating temperature, the current has dropped to 1.53 A. (a) Find the power the toaster converts when it is at its operating temperature. ______W (b) What is the final temperature of the heating element? ______°C

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A:

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Resistivity

Resistivity is a characteristic property of the conductor’s material that measures the extent to which the material opposes the flow of current. It is denoted by the Greek letter “rho”. Electrical resistivity, also known as specific resistance, depends on the nature of the material of the conductor and is unaffected by its dimensions.