A certain semiconductor laser diode has a length of 0.5 mm and has a high reflection coating on the back surface of the chip. The maximum current that can be applied to the device is 100 mA, at which point the gain coefficient is 5000 m-1. (i) Given that the natural reflectivity of the laser chip is 30%, show that the laser will operate even when the front surface is uncoated. (ii) Estimate the threshold current of the laser when it is operating with an uncoated front surface, stating clearly any assumptions you make.

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KVL and KCL

KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.

Sign Convention

Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.