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A Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) C 1501 E 100- Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) 50 150 100- 50- Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) Mock વાપ 120 100 293T to 293T/ACE2 80- 60- 40 201 0 H 5²6 ** H HOROS Mock CatL inhibitor III Bat A de Leu 293T to Caco-2 Baf A1 H SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III Mock CA-074 Linhibi H AE64D Mock CatL inhibitor III SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-to-cell ns ns yu SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) E64D Baf A1 Baf A1 optin B Cell-free infection (Relative, %) D LL F Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 1501 100- 50 100 Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 120 100 TOCK CatL inhibitor III 80 60 40 20 293T/ACE2 H E64D Baf A1 Leupeptin a Mock Baf A1 CatL inhibitor III Caco-2 THE SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III CatL inhibitor CA-074 SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-free CA-074 E64D Baf A1 Baf A1 Fig. 5. Endosomal entry pathway is involved in cell-to-cell transmission. Effect of endosomal entry inhibitors on cell-to-cell and cell-free infection of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Experiments were carried out as described in Fig. 1 C and D, except that indicated inhibitors were present during the infection period. The concentrations of inhibitors used were as follows: 1 µM or 5 µM Cat L inhibitor III, 1 μM or 5 μM CA-074, 10 μM or 30 μM E-64D, 25 nM or 50 nM BafA1, and 20 μM or 50 µM leupeptin. (A and B) Effect in 293T cells. (C and D) Effect in Caco-2 cells. In all experiments, Gluc activity was measured at 48 and 72 h after infection, and rates of relative infection were plotted by setting the values of mock infection without drugs to 100. Results were from

A Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) C 1501 E 100- Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) 50 150 100- 50- Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) Mock વાપ 120 100 293T to 293T/ACE2 80- 60- 40 201 0 H 5²6 ** H HOROS Mock CatL inhibitor III Bat A de Leu 293T to Caco-2 Baf A1 H SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III Mock CA-074 Linhibi H AE64D Mock CatL inhibitor III SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-to-cell ns ns yu SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) E64D Baf A1 Baf A1 optin B Cell-free infection (Relative, %) D LL F Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 1501 100- 50 100 Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 120 100 TOCK CatL inhibitor III 80 60 40 20 293T/ACE2 H E64D Baf A1 Leupeptin a Mock Baf A1 CatL inhibitor III Caco-2 THE SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III CatL inhibitor CA-074 SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-free CA-074 E64D Baf A1 Baf A1 Fig. 5. Endosomal entry pathway is involved in cell-to-cell transmission. Effect of endosomal entry inhibitors on cell-to-cell and cell-free infection of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Experiments were carried out as described in Fig. 1 C and D, except that indicated inhibitors were present during the infection period. The concentrations of inhibitors used were as follows: 1 µM or 5 µM Cat L inhibitor III, 1 μM or 5 μM CA-074, 10 μM or 30 μM E-64D, 25 nM or 50 nM BafA1, and 20 μM or 50 µM leupeptin. (A and B) Effect in 293T cells. (C and D) Effect in Caco-2 cells. In all experiments, Gluc activity was measured at 48 and 72 h after infection, and rates of relative infection were plotted by setting the values of mock infection without drugs to 100. Results were from

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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A Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %)__ C 1501 100- E Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) 50- 150₁ 100- 50- Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) 293T to 293T/ACE2 H Mock CatL inhibitor III 120 1 100 H CAO 80- 60- 40 201 0 H Bat Leu M Mock CA F64D Mock Baf A1 CatL inhibitor III SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) 293T to Caco-2 Mock CatL inhibitor III 72 inhib CA-074 SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-to-cell ns ns SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III E64D Baf A1 Leupeptin Baf A1 Baf A1 B Cell-free infection (Relative, %) D FL Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 1501 100- 50- 1501 100- 50- Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 120 100 80 60 40 20 HEF - hibitor II CatL inhibitor 293T/ACE2 ✔ Mock CatL inhibitor III CA- af A1 E64D Mock Leupeptin CatL inhibitor SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III Caco-2 4: Mock CatL inhibitor III Baf A1 CA-074 SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-free Baf A1 Leupept E64D Baf A1 Baf A1 Fig. 5. Endosomal entry pathway is involved in cell-to-cell transmission. Effect of endosomal entry inhibitors on cell-to-cell and cell-free infection of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Experiments were carried out as described in Fig. 1 C and D, except that indicated inhibitors were present during the infection period. The concentrations of inhibitors used were as follows: 1 µM or 5 µM Cat L inhibitor III, 1 μM or 5 μM CA-074, 10 μM or 30 μM E-64D, 25 nM or 50 nM BafA1, and 20 μM or 50 μM leupeptin. (A and B) Effect in 293T cells. (C and D) Effect in Caco-2 cells. In all experiments, Gluc activity was measured at 48 and 72 h after infection, and rates of relative infection were plotted by setting the values of mock infection without drugs to 100. Results were from approximately four to six independent experiments. (E and F) Effect of inhibitor treatments on cell-to-cell and cell-free infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020). Note that Vero-ACE2-TMPRSS2-m Tomato (Red) cells served as donor cells, and Vero-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells served as target cells (n = 3). PV, pseudotyped virus. *P < 0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. ns, not significant.
Transcribed Image Text:A Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %)__ C 1501 100- E Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) 50- 150₁ 100- 50- Cell-to-cell transmission (Relative, %) 293T to 293T/ACE2 H Mock CatL inhibitor III 120 1 100 H CAO 80- 60- 40 201 0 H Bat Leu M Mock CA F64D Mock Baf A1 CatL inhibitor III SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) 293T to Caco-2 Mock CatL inhibitor III 72 inhib CA-074 SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-to-cell ns ns SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III E64D Baf A1 Leupeptin Baf A1 Baf A1 B Cell-free infection (Relative, %) D FL Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 1501 100- 50- 1501 100- 50- Cell-free infection (Relative, %) 120 100 80 60 40 20 HEF - hibitor II CatL inhibitor 293T/ACE2 ✔ Mock CatL inhibitor III CA- af A1 E64D Mock Leupeptin CatL inhibitor SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) Mock CatL inhibitor III Caco-2 4: Mock CatL inhibitor III Baf A1 CA-074 SARS-CoV (PV) SARS-CoV-2 (PV) SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (authentic) Cell-free Baf A1 Leupept E64D Baf A1 Baf A1 Fig. 5. Endosomal entry pathway is involved in cell-to-cell transmission. Effect of endosomal entry inhibitors on cell-to-cell and cell-free infection of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Experiments were carried out as described in Fig. 1 C and D, except that indicated inhibitors were present during the infection period. The concentrations of inhibitors used were as follows: 1 µM or 5 µM Cat L inhibitor III, 1 μM or 5 μM CA-074, 10 μM or 30 μM E-64D, 25 nM or 50 nM BafA1, and 20 μM or 50 μM leupeptin. (A and B) Effect in 293T cells. (C and D) Effect in Caco-2 cells. In all experiments, Gluc activity was measured at 48 and 72 h after infection, and rates of relative infection were plotted by setting the values of mock infection without drugs to 100. Results were from approximately four to six independent experiments. (E and F) Effect of inhibitor treatments on cell-to-cell and cell-free infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020). Note that Vero-ACE2-TMPRSS2-m Tomato (Red) cells served as donor cells, and Vero-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells served as target cells (n = 3). PV, pseudotyped virus. *P < 0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. ns, not significant.
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